Ha 



HOUG-HTALING'S 

Six 9 Seven per Cent 
Interest Tables, 

AND 

Useful IfbceUaneoua Infomation. 



TABLE OP CONTENTS, 



13 
31 

32 
27 



PAGE. 

Ages which various Animals attain • 29 

Area. Population and Growth of the United States 18 

Apothecaries, Avoirdupois, Dry, Liquid, Land, Long. Surface and Troy 

Weights and Measures 26 

Capacity of Cisterns or Wells 27 

Capacity of a Freight Car of various articles 31 

Capacity of the Largest Rooms in the World — Churches, Opera-Houses, etc. 30 
Degrees of Heat and Cold at which various substances Freeze, Melt and Boil, 29 
Difference of Time at various points of W T orld when 12:00 (noon) at N. Y. 18 

Fictitious Names of States, etc 24 

Fictitious Names of Cities, etc 25 

Financial History of the United States, showing Expenditures and Debt of 

the Country from its founding to year 1879; and Presidents, etc. . . 12, 

Height of Principal Monuments and Towers of ll. e World 

Highest and Greatest Mountains of the World ... 

How t Estimate the Amount of Hay in a Mow 

How i Measure Corn in the Crib . 27 

Imporiii it Events and Battles of the late Civil War. 15, 16, 17 

Legal Number of pounds to Bushel, in several States, of various artici 28 

Miscellaneous Facts Worth Knowing 28 

Miles per Hour at which Birds Fly 29 

Monthly Fluctuations of Premium on Gold for Sixteen years 7 

Name and Length of the Longest and Greatest Rivers of the World .... 11 
Names of Foreign and United States Gold Coin, value in IT. S. money, etc. 22 
Names of Foreign and United States Silver Coin, value in U. S. money, etc. 23 
Number of United States Soldiers in Late Civil War, and from what State. 14 
Number of Men called for by U. S. Government during Late Civil War, etc. 14 
Number of Colored Troops," and Men obtained by Draft, etc.. in late war, 14 
Number of Miles from New York to various places in the United States . . 21 
Number of Miles by Water from New York to various points of the World, 21 
Opening and Closing of the Hudson River for 56 years, and days closed . . 26 
Population of the Principal Cities of the United States, from latest Censn-\ 19 
Population of the Principal Cities of the World, outside of United States . 20 
Presidents of the United States, Residence, Term of Office. Age. Death, etc. 31 

i; es of Unites States and Foreign Postage. Money Orders, etc 33 

Seven per Cent Interest Table 8. 9. 10, 11 

Six per Cent Interest Table 4. 5, 

Sia of Lakes. Seas and (>< ,iiis 32 

3i» <>f Paper in inches. P.ipcr Counts, etc 17 

Strength of the United States Army at various dates 14 

Strength of Ice of Different Thickness 19 

Time that Money Doubles at Compouud Interest at various rates 11 

The Mile of Different Nations 29 

The Longest and Shortest Days at various Capitals of the World .... 

I - Land Measure, Township Diagram, and Homestead privilege. 11 

Weight of a Cubic Foot of various substances 30 

Published by C. E. Houghtaling, 70 Madison Avenue. Albany, N. Y. 



.HM 



Entered according to Act of Congress in the year eighteen hundred and eighty, 

By CHARLES E. HOUGHTALING, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



PRICE. 

Bound in Paper Covers, 25 cents. 

Bound in Board Covers, 40 cents, 

Sent post paid to any part of the United States on receipt of price. 
Small amounts may be sent in one and three cent postage stamps. 

AGENTS WANTED IN ALL PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 
LIBERAL COMMISSIONS ALLOWED. 

For copies of this book, or further information, address 

CHAS. E. HOUGHTALING, 

70 Madison Avenue, 

Albany. N. Y. 







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Table of Monthly Fluctuations in Gold for Sixteen Years, 

First Column in each year shows the Lowest premium for the month. 
Second Column in each year shows the Highest j>remium for the month. 



i 1862. 



January . . . 
February... 
March.:... 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 
October ... 
November . 
December . 



! . .105 
102} 104| 
101 1 1024 
,10141024 
102! 104$ 
1034 1094 
109 1201 
112A116* 
1164,124 
122 137 

129 11334 

130 134 



18G3. 1804. 



134 1601 
153 1724 
139 1712 

146 159 
1434 155 
1404 14S£ 
123^145 
122£1293 
127 |l43$ 
140§ 1503 
143 1154 

147 |152| 



1514 160 
1571 161 
159 |169! 
1664187 



18G5. 18G6. 18G7. I 1868. 



168 
189 

|222 



190 
251 
285 



2314 262 
185 |255 
189 1229 
209 260 
211 214 



197^2344 

1902 210:1 
148$ 201 
144 160 
1288I1454 
1353 147S 
138 |1464 
1-18$ 145§ 
1423145 
144 1149 
1454 148^ 
144 J 146| 



136: 

1351 

125 

125 

125$ 

137* 

147 

1464 

143{ 

1454 

1374 

1314 



144g 
140§ 
1364 
1394 
1414 
1673 
1553 
1524 
1471 
1541 
148§ 
141 



18T0. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 



132 

1353 

1331 

132§ 

1341 

1361 

1381 

1395 

141 

140? 

137; 

133 



137$ 1334 
14041398 
14011371 
14151371 
1383 139 $ 
1383 1391 
1403 1404 
142§143i 
146§14U 
145g 1333 
14141323 
1381|134| 



18G9. 



142 134§ 
143J1301 

141| 1304 
1404131f 
140|134| 
141J 137 
1454 134 
150 |1314 
1451 1303 
141§12SJ 
137 121* 
1363 H9. J . 



1363 

136J 

1324 

1343 

1443 

139§ 

137^ 

136| 

1324 

132 I 

1281 J 

124 I 



January 119| 

February.... 115 

March 1104 

April 1114 

Mav 1133 

June 1101 

July 1114 

August 11-U 

September.. 1103 

October Ill* 

November . . 110 
December . . 1104 



1234110^ 

12131103 

11611103 

1154 11 0i 

1154111 

114J1113 

12311113 

122 |11 1 g 

I17|'ll2i 

1142111* 

113' 1102 

nigiosi 



liijiosinoj 
11241094111 ! 
111| 10911101 
lll||109ijll3* 
112411241144 
1131113 11143 
113 113*1154 
115111211153 
115^1121115* 
115 |11241154 
112*1114112$ 
llOg 1111,1101 



UU 

112; 
1144 
1161 

nog 

115 I 
115 ! 

114? 

1101 

107g 
106$ 

1081 



1144 
115* 

1184 

119$ 
118g 

1184 

nog 

lit; 1 , 

1161 
lilt 
1104 
1128 



110$ 112$ 
1114113 I 
1114113^ 
11131142 

1111.1131 
11041124 
109 1101 
10941104 
109*1104 

10931102 
110 1124 

110|112g 



lilt 
1131 

114* 

114 

115 

1164 

1111 

1123 

1133 

114& 

1141 

112* 



113M122 
115*1121 
117 113* 
11541124 

11621124 
1174111'A 
11711112 
11411093 
11731094 
117^H)S : ; 
116*1083 
115! 107 



11341054 
110$104S 
115 11044 
11311043 
11311064 
11211043 
112*1053 
1121 1031 
11041021 
113$ 102*. 
110 11024 
;109 |1024 



107$ 

100$ j 

1054! 

1071 

107* 

106£ 

1064 

1054 

104 

103* 

1034 

103* 







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The Longest and Greatest Rivers in the World. 



RIVERS. 


LOCALITY. 


RISE. 


DISCHARGE. 


MILES. 


Missouri .... 


. X. America . 


. llockv Mountains .... 


. Gulf of Mexico. . 


4.500 


Mississippi . . 


. N. America . 


. Lake Itaska 


. Gulf of Mexico. . 


3.200 


Amazon . . . 


. Brazil .... 


. Andes 


. Atlantic Ocean . 


3.200 


Hoang-Ho . . 


. China. . . . 


. Koulkoun Mountains . . . 


. Yellow Sea . . . 


3.000 


Murray. . . . 


. Australasia . 


. Australian Alps 


. Encounter Bay. . 


3,000 


Obi 


. Siberia . . . 


• Altaian Mountains ... 


. Arctic Ocean . . . 


2,800 


Nile 


. Egypt, Nubia 


. Blue Nile, Abyssinia. . . 


. Mediterranean. . 


. 2.750 


Yang-tse-Kia.. 


. China .... 


. Thibet 


. China Sea . . . . 


2.500 


Lena 


. Siberia . . . 


. Heights of Irkutsk . . . 


. Arctic Ocean . . . 


2.500 


Niger .... 


. Soudan . . . 


. Baise of Mt. Loma .... 


. Gulf of Guinea. . 


2.300 


St. Lawrence . 


. Canada . . . 


. River St. Louis 


. GT St. Lawrence 


1,960 


Volga 


. Russia .... 


. Lake in Volhonsky . . . 


. Caspian Sea • . . 


1.900 


Maykiang . . 


. Siam .... 


. Thibet 


. Chinese Gulf . . . 


1.700 


Indus .... 


. Hindostan . . 


. Little Thibet 


. Arabian Sea . . . . 


1.700 


Danube . . . 


. Germany . . 


. Black Forest 


. Black Sea .... 


1.630 


Mackenzie . . 


. X. America . 


. Riyer Athabasca . , . . . 


. Arctic Ocean . . . 


2.500 


Brahmapootra 


. Thibet . . . 


. Himalaya 


. Bay of Bengal . . 


1.500 


Columbia. . . 


. N. America . 


. Rocky Mountains 


. Pacific Ocean . . 


1.090 


Colorada . . . 


. N. America . 


. San Iaba 


. Gulf of California 


1.000 


Susquehanna . 


. N. America . 


. Lake Otsego 


. Chesapeake Bay . 


400 


James 


. N. America . 


. Alleghany Mountains . . 


. Chesapeake Bay . 


500 


Potomac. . . . 


. N. America . 


. Gr. Black Bone Mountains 


.Chesapeake Bay . 


400 


Hudson . . . 


. N. America . 


. Adirondack^ Mt. Marcy . 


. Bay of N. Y. . . 


325 



Money Doubles at Compound Interest : 

At 3 per cent, in 23 years. At 7 per cent, in .10 years. 

At 4 per cent, in 17 years. At 8 per cent, in 9 years. 

Ab 5 per cent, in 14 years. At 9 per cent, in 8 years. 

At 6 per cent, in 12 years. At 10 per cent, in ... . . 7 years. 



12 



Financial History of the United States, 

Showing Expenditures and Debt of the Country during the various Political Ad- 
ministrations from the Founding of the Government to the present time, 
and names of Presidents and Vice-Presidents, etc. 



PRESIDENT. 



1790 Geo. Washington 
1701 Geo. Washington 

170:2 Geo. Washington 



1703 Geo. 

1704 Geo. 
170:> Geo. 
1796 Geo. 

1707 John 

1708 John 

1709 John 
1S00 John 



Washington 
Washington 

Washington 



Adams . 
Adams . 
Adams . 
Adams . 



1S01 Thos. Jefferson . 

1802 Thos. Jefferson . 

1803 Thos. Jefferson . 

1804 Thos. Jefferson . 

1805 I Thos. Jefferson . 
1800 Thos. Jefferson . 

1807 Thos. Jefferson . 

1808 Thos. Jefferson . 

1809 I James Madison . 

1810 James Madison . 



1811 
1812 



James Madison 
James Madison 



1813 James Madison . 

1814 James Madison . 

1815 James Madison . 

1816 James Madison . 

1817 James Monroe . 

1818 | James Monroe . 

1819 j James Monroe . 

1820 ! James Monroe . 

1821 1 James Monroe . 

1822 I James Monroe . 

1823 ! James Monroe . 

1824 I James Monroe . 

1825 j John Q. Adams 

1826 John Q. Adams 

1827 John Q. Adams 

1828 John Q. Adams 



1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 



A. Jackson 
A. Jackson 
A. Jackson 
A. Jackson 



1833 A. Jackson . . . 

1834 A. Jackson . . 
1833 A. Jackson . . . 

1836 | A. Jackson . . . 

1837 M. Van Buren . 
1- 18 M. Van Buren 

1839 I M. Van Buren . 

1840 M. Van Buren . 



1841 
1842 
IS 43 
1844 



W. fl. Harrison 
John Tyler. . . 
John Tyler . . . 
John Tyler . . . 



VICE PRESIDENT. 



John Adams . . . *F 
John Adams . . . F 
John Adams . . . F 
John Adams . . . F 

John Adams . . . F 

John Adams . . . F 

John Adams . . . F 

John Adams . . . F 

Thomas Jefferson . F 
Thomas Jefferson . F 
Thomas Jefferson . F 
Thomas Jefferson . F 



Aaron Burr 
Aaron Bun- 
Aaron Bun- 
Aaron Burr 



.B 
.K 
• B 
. B 



George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 

George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 
George Clinton . . B 

Elbridge Gerry . . B 
Elbridge Gerryf. . B 
John Gaillard . . B 
John Gaillard . . B 

D. D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 

D: D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 
D. D. Tompkins . B 

John C. Calhoun . B 
John C. Calhoun . B 
John C. Calhoun . B 
John C. Calhoun . B 

John C. Calhoun . D 
John C. Calhoun . D 
John C. Calhoun . D 
John C. Calhoun . D 

Martin Van Buren D 
Martin Van Buren D) 
Martin Van Buren D. 
Martin Van Buren Di 

B. M. Johnson . . D, 

B. M. Johnson . . D| 

B. M. Johnson . . DJ 

B. M. Johnson . . D, 

John TylerJ . . . W 
Wm. P. Mangum.W 
Wm. P. Mangum .W 

Wm. P. Mansrum .W 



PUBLIC 
EXPENDITURES. 



$3,707,436 78 
8,962,920 00 

6,479.977 97 

9,041.593 17 

10.151.240 15 

8,367.776 84 

8.625.877 37 
8.583,618 41 

11.002.306 07 
11.052.534 12 

12,273.376 04 
13 270.187 31 
11.258.983 67 
12,615.113 72 

13,598.300 47 
15.021.196 26 
11,202.202 90 
16,762,702 04 

13,867.226 30 
13,300.004 40 
13,502,604 86 
22,270,121 15 

30.100.520 36 
38.028,230 32 
30.582.403 35 
48,244,495 51 

40.877.646 04 

35.104.875 40 
24.004,100 73 
21,763,024 85 

10,000.572 60 
17.076,592 63 
15,314.171 00 

31.808,538 47i 

23.585.804 72 
24.103.308 46 
22.656.764 04 
25,450,470 52 

25.044.358 40 
24,585.281 55 
30.038,446 12 
34.356,698 06 1 

24.257,208 40 
24,601.082 44 
17.573.141 56 
30,868,164 04 

37.265.037 15 
30.455.438 35 
37,614.936 15 

28.226.533 81 

31,797.530 03 

32.036.876 53 
12.118,105 15 
33.642.010 85 



PUBLIC DEBT. 



$75,463,476 52 
77,227,024 66 

80.352.634 04 

78.427.404 77 
80.747.587 30 
83.762,172 07 

82.064,470 33 
70.228.520 12 

78.408.660 77 
82,706,204 35 

83.038,050 80 
80.712.632 25 
77.054,086 30 
86.427,120 88 

82.312.150 50 

75.72^.270 66 

60.218.308 64 

65,106.317 07 

57,023.102 00 
53,173.217 52 
48,005.587 76 
45,200,737 90 

55.002,827 57 
81,487.846 24 
99,833.660 15 

127.334,033 74 

123,401.965 16 

103.466.633 83 

05.520.648 28 

01.015.566 15 

80,987.427 66 
03.546.676 98 
00,875.877 28 
00.260,777 77 

83.788,432 71 
81,054.050 99 
73.987.357 20 
67,475,043 87 

58,421,413 67 

48,565.406 50 
30.123.101 68 
24.332.235 18 

7,001,608 83 

4,760.082 08 

37,513 05 

336.057 83 

3.308.124 07 

10.434.221 14 

3.573.343 82 

5.250,875 54 

13,504,480 73 
20.601,226 28 
32,742,022 00 
23.461.652 50 



13 



Financial History of the United States— continued. 



PRESIDENT. 



VICE PRESIDENT 



PUBliiO 

EXPENDITURES. 



PUBLIC DEBT. 



1545 James K. Polk , 

1546 James K. Polk 

1847 James K. Polk 

1848 James K. Polk 

1849 Zach. Taylor . . 
1850 ' Millard Fillmore 

1851 Millard Fillmore 

1852 Millard Fillmore 



1S53 
1854 

1855 
1S5G 



1857 
1858 
1S59 
1860 

18G1 
1802 
18G3 
18G4 



Frank Pierce . . 

Frank Pierce . . 

Frank Pierce . . 

Frank Pierce . . 

James Buchanan . 
James Buchanan . 
James Buchanan . 
James Buchanan . 

Abraham Lincoln 
Abraham Lincoln 
Abraham Lincoln 
Abraham Lincoln 

18G5 Abraham Lincoln 
18G6 Andrew Johnson 



18G7 
18G8 

18G9 
1870 
1871 
1872 



Andrew Johnson 
Andrew Johnson 

U. S. Grant . . . 

U. S. Grant . . . 

U. S. Grant . . . 

U. S. Grant . . . 



1873 U.S. Grant 

1874 U.S.Grant 

1875 U. S. Graut 

1876 U. S. Grant 



1S77 E. B. Hayes . . 

1878 E. B. Hayes . . 

1S79 I E. B. Haves . . 

1880 | R. B. Hayes . . 

Note 



George M. Dallas D 
George M. Dallas D 
George M. Dallas D 
George M. Dallas D 

Millard Fillmorc§ W 
Wm. R. King . . W 
D. R. Atchison . W 
D. It. Atchison . W 

Wm. R. KingH . . D 
D. R. Atchison . . D 
Jesse D. Bright . D 
Jesse D. Bright . D 

J. C. BreckeuridgeD 
J. C. BreckenridgeD 
J. C. BreckenridgeD 
J. C. BreckenridgeD 

Hannibal Hamlin E 

Hannibal Hamlin R 

Hannibal Hamlin R 

Hannibal Hamlin R 



§30.490.408 71! 
27.632.282 001 
GO 520.851 74J 
60,655,143 19 

56,386.422 74 
44,604,718 26 
48.476.104 31 
46,712,608 83 

54.577.061 74 
75.473.170 75; 
66,164,775 96 
72,726,341 57 

71,274 587 371 
82 062.186 74 
83,678,642 92; 
77,055,125 65: 



$15,925,303 01 
15,550.202 97 

38,826.534 77 
47.044.862 23 

63,061.858 69 

63.452.773 55 
68.304.796 02 
66,199,341 71 

39,803.117 70 
42.242.222 42 
35.586.956 56 
31,972,537 90 

28.699.831 85 
44.911,881 03 
58.496.837 88 
64,842,287 88 



85.387,313 08 90.580.873 72 

565,667,563 74 ! 524.176.412 13 

899.815.911 25 1,119,772.138 63 

1,295,541.114 86 1,815,784.370 57 

Andrew John sonf Pv! 1,906.433.331 37 2,680.647.869 74 

1.139.344,081 95 2.773.236.173 69 

1.093.079 655 27 2.678.126.103 87 

1,069.889,970 74 2,611.687.851 19 



Lafayette S. Foster! 
Bern. F. Wade . . R 
Benj. F. Wade . . R 

Schuyler Colfax . E 

Schuyler Colfax . R 

Schuyler Colfax . R 

Schuyler Colfax . E 

Henry Wilson . . E 
Henry Wilson . . E 
Henry Wilson** . E 
Thos. W. Ferry . R 



Wm. A. W 7 heeler . E 
Wm. A. Wheeler . E 
Wm. A. Wheeler . E 
Wm. A. Wheeler . EJ 

Though the principles of the various administrations, from 1801 to 1829, 



565.299.898 91 2.060.158.223 26 
590,641,271 70! 2.035.786,831 82 
966,393,692 69 2,027.207,256 37 



are designated as Republican, it may be remarked that the principles of both 
the Democratic and Republican parties have materially changed since the estab- 
lishment of these parties, which changes have been wrought by the new political 
issues that have from time to time sprung up in the history of the government. 

* The political complexion of the different Presidential terms is indicated by a 
single letter opposite each year, defined as follows : F. Federalist : 72, Republican ; 
D, Democratic; IF, Whig. 

t Elbridge Gerry died November 13, 1814, and was succeeded by oohn Gaillard, 
Vice-President pro tern. 

X Wm. II. Harrison died April 4, 1841, after being one month in office ; John Tyler 
succeeded to the Presidency, and Wm. P. Manguin became Vice-President pro tern. 

§ Zachary Taylor died July 9. 1850, being succeeded by Millard Fillmore; Wm. 
R. King succeeding to the Vice-Presidency the first half of the Presidential term, 
and David R. Atchison the last half. 

|| Wm. R. King died April 17, 1853 ; D. E. Atchison becoming Vice-President pro 
tern for the first half of the Presidential term, and Jesse D. Bright for the last half. 

% Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by J. Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865. 
Andrew Johnson succeeded to the Presidency ; and Lafayette S. Foster to the 
Vice-Presidency the remainder of the first half of the Presidential term, and 
Benj. F. Wade the last half. 

** Henry Wilson died November 22, 1875, and was succeeded by Thomas W. 
Ferry, Vice-President pro tem. 



584,777.996 11! 2.480.002.480 58 ! 
702.917 842 88, 2,386.358.599 74 ! 
691.680 858 90* 2.292.030,834 90 I 
682.525.270 21' 2.191,486.343 62 

524.044.597 91 2.147.818,713 57 
72i.G98.933 99! 2,143,083.241 16 
682,000,885 32; 2,128.688.726 32 
714,446.357 39! 2,099.439.344 99 



14 



United States Soldiers in the Late Civil War. 

No. Men famished by each State and Territory from April 15, 1SG1, to June 30, 1865. 



States and Territorrioa. Men furnished. 

Now York 445,959 

Pennsylvania 338,155 

(Tliio " 310,054 

Illinois • . . 258,162 

Indiana 194,363 



Massachusetts . 
Missouri .... 
Wisconsin . . . 
Michigan . . . 

Iowa ....'. 
New Jersey . . 
Kentucky . . . 

.Maine 

Connecticut . . 
Maryland . . . 
New Hampshire 
Vermont .... 
West Virginia . 
Tennessee . . . 
Minnesota . . . 



146.467 
108,162 
1)1,021 
88.111 
75.793 
75.315 
75,275 
69,738 
55,755 
46,053 
33.913 
33,272 
32,00* 
31,092 
24.002 



States and Territories. 

Rhode Island 

Kansas 

Dirt, of Columbia . . . 

California 

Delaware 

Arkansas 

New Mexico Territory . 

Louisiana 

Colorado Territory . . . 

Indian Nations 

Nebraska Territory . . . 

North Carolina 

Alabama 

Texas 

Oregon . : 

Nevada 

Washington Territory . . 

Mississippi 

Dakota Territory .... 



Men 



furnished. 

23,248 

20 095 

16.534 

15.725 

12,265 

8 289 

6,561 

5.224 

4.903 

3,530 

3.157 

3.156 

2.576 

1.965 

LS10 

1,080 

964 

545 

206 



Number of Men called for by United States Govern- 
ment during the Late Civil War. 

Number of Men called for, periods of service, and number of men obtained under 
each call. 

Number Periods Number 

DATE OP CALL. Called for. of Service. Obtained. 

April 15, 1861 75,000 3 months 93,326 

May 3, 1861 82,7481 q WftPS 714 2 si 

July 22 and 25, 1861 500,000/ * Hdis u^mi 

May and June, 1862 3 months 15,007 

July 2. 1862 300.000 3 years 431.958 

August 4, 1862 '. 300,000 9 months 87,588 

June 15, 1863 100,000 6 months 16,361 

October 17, 1863 300,0001 s vears 374 807 

February 1, 1864 200,000/ 3 years d/4,8U7 

March 14, 1864 200.000 3 vears 284,021 

April 23. 1864 85,000 100\lays 8J.G52 

July 18, 1864 500,000 I, 2, 3 vears 384,882 

December 19, 1864 300,000 1, 2, 3 years 204,568 

Totals 2.942.748 2,690.401 

Strength of the United States Army at Various Dates. 

DATE. PRESENT. ABSENT. TOTAL. 

January 1, 1861 14,663 1,704 16,367 

July 1,1861 183,588 3,163 186.751 

January 1, 1862 527.204 48,713 575,917 

January 1,1863 698,802 219.389 918,191 

January 1, 1864 611,250 249,487 860.737 

January 1, 1865 620,924 338.536 959.460 

May 1, 1865 797,807 202,709 1,000,516 

M.-iy 1,1875 . . . . . . . . 25,000 

Number of Colored Troops, Number f Men obtained by Draft, etc. 

In addition to the foregoing number, 63.322 men were obtained, chiefly from the 
territories and seceding States, for various periods or' service. 
The whole number of Colored troops obtained was 186.097. 
The whole number obtained by Draft was 168,649. 



15 



Important Events and Battles of the late Civil War. 



JANUARY. 1861. 
9th.— The " Star of the West," sent to 
reinforce Gen. Anderson and his com- 
mand at Fort Sumter, S. C, was tired 
upon from Morris Island, and obliged 
to return to New York. 

MARCH, 1861. 

The Confederate congress adopted for 
the flag of the Confederacy the " stars 
and bare." 

12th. — The President declined to re- 
ceive the commissioners fiom the Con- 
federate States. 

APRIL, 1861. 

12th. — An attack was made on Fort 
Sumter in Charleston harbor. 

19th. — The president declared the 
Southern ports blockaded. 

19th— The Sixth Regiment, of Massa- 
chusetts, were mobbed in Baltimore on 
their passage toward Washington. 

JUNE, 1861. 
10th.— The battle of Big Bethel. Ya. 
17th. — The battle of Booneville, Mo. 

JULY, 1861. 

6th.— The battle of Carthage, Mo. 

11th.— The battle of Rich Mountain, 
West Virginia, was fought. 

18th.— The battle of Centreville. Va. 

21st. The battle of Bull Run. Ya. 

21st. — The first battle at Manassas 
Junction. Virginia, was fought. 

AUGUST, 1861. 
5th. — The battle of Athens, Missomi. 
10th.— The battle of Wilson's Cree.c, 
Missouri, was fought. 

SEPTEMBER, 1861. 
10th.— The battle of Carnifex Ferry. 
West Yirginia, took place. 

OCTOBER, 1861. 
8th. — Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, 
Florida, was attacked by Confederates. 
21st.— The battle of Ball's Bluff, Va. 

NOVEMBER. 1861. 

1st.— Gen. Geo. B. McClellan was 
made commander-in-chief. 

7th. — The battle of Belmont, Miss. 

7th.— An expedition captured Fort 
Walker on Hilton Head. S. C. and Fort 
Beauregard on the Broad River. 

19th.— The English mail-packet Trent 
was boardod by Captain Wilkes, of the 
San Jacinto, and the Confederate com- 
missioners, Mason and Slidell. captured. 

JANUARY. 1802. 

1st. — Messrs. Mason and Slidell were 
surrendered on a demand of the British 
government. 

10th.— The battle of Middle Creek, Kv. 

19th.— The battle of Mill Spring. Kv. 



FEBRUARY, 1862. 
6th.— Fort Henry, Tenn., surrendered 
to the Union forces. 
8th. — The battle of Roanoke Island. 
14th.— The battle of Newbern N. C. 

MARCH, 1862. 

7th and8th.— Battle of Pea Ridge, Ar. 

8th. — The Confederate ram, the Merri- 
mac, appeared at Hampton Roads. She 
sank the Cumberland, captured the Con- 
gress, and forced the Minnesota aground, 
and then returned to Norfolk. 

9th.— The Merrimac reappeared. The 
Monitor. Lieutenant Worden, had arriv- 
ed, engaging the ram, forced her back 
to Norfolk. 

10th. — Manassas Junction, Virginia, 
was evacuated by the Confederates. 

23d. — The, battle at Winchester, Va. 

APRIL, 1862. 

6th. and 7th.— The battle of Pittsburg 
Landing, Tennessee, was fought. - 

7th. — Island No. 10, in the Mississippi, 
surrendered. 

9th.— The battle of Shiloh, was fought. 

11th. — Fort Pulaski, near Savannah, 
surrendered. 

12th.— Gold was first quoted at a pre- 
mium. 

MAY. 1862. 

1st. — The army captured New Orleans. 

3d.— The battle of Chancellorsville. 

5th. — The battle of Williamsburg, Va. 

25th.— The battle of Winchester, Va. 

27th.— The battle of Hanover Court 
House, Virginia, was fought. 

27th. — The assult on Port Hudson. 

31st.— The battle of Seven Pines, Va. 

JUNE, 1862. 

6th. — Memphis surrendered to the 
Union forces. 

8th. — The battle of Cross Keys, Va. 

25th. — The seven days' battle around 
Richmond began. 

26th.— Battle of Mechanicsville, Va. 

27th.— The battle of Cold Harbor, Va. 

28th. — Commodore Farragut, who had 
run the blockade at Vicksburg, began 
to bombard the city. 

John Morgan, with a Confederate 
force, raided through Ohio. 

29th.— The battle of Savage's Station, 
Virginia, was fought. 

30th.— The battle of Frazier's Farm. 
JULY. 1802. 

1st.— The battle of Malvern Hill, Va. 
AUGUST, 1862. 

5th.— The battle of Baton Rouge, La. 

5th. — Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. 

23d. — A general battle with General 
Pope's forces took place. 

29th.— The battle of Groveton. Va. 

30th.— A 'battle at Manassas, Virginia. 

30th.— The battle of Richmond, Ky. 



16 



Important Battles, etc., of late Civil War— continued. 



SEPTEMBER, 1862. 
1st.— The battle of Ox Hill, Va. 
1st.— The battle of Chantilly, Va. 

14th.— Battle of South Mountain, Md. 

16th. — Harper's Ferry was captured 
by the Confederates. 

17th.— The battle of Antictam, Md. 

17th. — The garrison at Munfordsville, 
Ky., surrendered to the Confederates. 

19th. — The Confederate forces were 
defeated at luka, Mississippi. 

22d. — President Lincoln issued a pro- 
clamation abolishing slavery in the 
Southern States, unless they returned to 
the Union before January i, 1863. 

OCTOBER, 1862. 

3d. — Battle of Corinth. Mississippi. 

8th.— The battle of Perryville, Ky. 

10th. — A raid on Chambersburg, Penn. 
was made by a Confederate force under 
General Stuart. 

18th.— General Morgan made a raid in 
Kentucky. 

DECEMBER, 1S62. 

7th. — The Confederates were defeated 
at Prairie Grove, Aakansas. 

11th. — Fredericksburg. Va., was bom- 
barded by the Federal army. 

27th. — General Sherman, was repulsed 
at Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi. 

29th.— Battle of Stone River, Tenn. 

30th. — The siege of Vicksburg was 
abandoned by General Sherman. 

31st.— Second battle of Stone River, 
Tennessee, was fought. 

JANUARY, 1863. 
1st. — The emancipation proclamation 
was issued. 
8th.— The battle of Springfield, Mo. 

MARCH, 1863. 
21st.— Battle of Cottage Grove, Tenn. 
30th. — A battle near Somerville, Ky. 

MAY, 1863. • 

2d.— The battle of Port Gibson, Miss. 

2d.— Battle of Chancellorsville, Va. 

12th.— The battle of Raymond. Miss. 

16th.— Battle of Champion's Hill, Miss. 

17th.— Battle ot Big Black River, Miss. 

18th. — Vicksburg was invested. 

19th. — The first assault on Vicksburg 
was repulsed. 

27th. — An unsuccessful attack was 
made on Port Hudson, Louisiana. 

JUNE, 1863. 

15th. — The Federals were defeated at 
Winchester, Virginia. 

24th. — Morgan started upon another 
raid through Kentucky and Ohio. 

24th. and 25th. — Chambersburg, Penn- 
sylvania, was occupied by the Confeder- 
ates. 

30th.— Battle of Hanover Junction, Va. 



JULY. 1863. 
2st.— The battle of Gettysburg, Penn. 
4th. — Vicksburg surrendered. 
9th. — Port Hudson surrendered. 
10th. — An assault on Fort Wagner 
was repulsed. 
13th.— The draft riots in New York. 

AUGUST, 1863. 
20th. — Lawrence, Kansas, was burned. 

SEPTEMBER, 1863. 
19th.— Battle of Chickamauga Creek, 
Tennessee, was fought. 

NOVEMBER, 1863. 

15th.— Battle of Campbell's Station. 

24th and 25th. — Battles of Lookout 
Mountain and Missionary Ridge were 
fought at Chattanooga, Tennessee. 

28th and 29th.— Confederates made 
two ineffectual assault upon Knoxville, 
Tennessee. 

FEBRUARY, 1864. 

20th.— Battle of Olustee, Florida. 
APRIL, 1864. 

Battle of Sabine Cross Roads, La. 
MAY, 1864. 

4th.— The army of the Potomac cross- 
ed the Rupidan, and encamped in the 
%t Wilderness." 

5th and. 6th.— Battles of the Wilder- 
ness, Virginia. 

6th. — General Sherman began his 
Atlanta campaign. 

9th. — Battle of Spottsylvania. Va. 

14th. — Battle of Resaca, Georgia. 

25th. — Battle of New Hope Church 
Station, Georgia. 

26th. — The Confederates were repuls- 
ed in an attack on City Point, Va. 
JUNE, 1864. 

1st.— Battle of Cold Harbor, Va. 

3d.— A battle was fought near Cold 
Harbor, Va. 

16th. — Federals were defeated in an 
attack upon Petersburg, Va. 

19th. — The investment of Petersburg, 
Virginia, was begun. 

19th. — The Alabama was sunk off 
Cherbourg, France, by the Kearsa-ge. 

21st and 22d. — The Federals were re- 
pulsed in attacks upon the Weldon rail- 
road, Virginia. 

27th.— Battle of Kenesaw Mountain. 

28th. — The Confederates moved on 
Washington by way of the Shenandoah 
Valley, Virginia. 

JULY, 1864. 

9th.— Battle of Monoeacy River. Md. 

20th.— Battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ga. 

22d.— Battle of Decatur, Georgia. 

30th. — Another unsuccessful assault 
was made by the Federals upon Peters- 



17. 



Important Battles, etc., of late Civil War— continued. 



AUGUST, 1864. 
6th. — Fort Gaines, in Mobile Bay, sur- 
rendered to Admiral Farragut. 
21st —The Weldon railroad captured. 
31st. — The battle of Jonesborough. 

SEPTEMBER, 1864. 
2 1.— The Federals entered Atlanta. 
19th.— The battle of Winchester, Va. 
22d.— The battle of Fisher's Creek, Va. 
30th.— Battle at Peebles Farm, Va. 

OCTOBER, 1864. 
2d.— Battle of Holston River, Va. 
6th.— Battle of Allatoona Pass. Ga. 
19th.— Battle of Cedar Creek, Va. 
27th. — The federals were repulsed at 
Hatcher's Run, Virginia. 

NOVEMBER, 1864. 

16th.— General Sherman began his 
march to the sea. 

DECEMBER, 1864. 

13th.— Fort McAllister was captured 
by the Federals. 

16th.— The battle of Nashville. Term. 

25th. — The Federals were repulsed in 
an attack upon Fort Fisher N. C. 

JANUARY, 1865. 
15th.— Fort Fisher, N. C, was captur- 
ed by the Federals. 

FEBRUARY, 1865. 
5th. — The Federals were repulsed at 
Hatcher's Run. Virginia. 

MARCH, 1865. 

16th.— Battle of xYvervsborough, N. C. 

18th.— Battle of Bentouville, N. C. 

25th. — Fort Stead man. near Peters- 
burg, was captured by the Confederates, 
and recaptured by the Federals. 

31st.— The battle of Five Forks, Va. 



APRIL, 1865. 

2d.— Richmond was evacuated by the 
Confederates. 

6th.— Battle of Farmville, Virginia. 

9th. — Gen. Lee with his army surren- 
dered to General Grant at Appomattox 
Court House, Virginia. 

13th. — Mobile surrendered to a com- 
bined army and naval attack. 

14th. — The Flag Gen. Anderson had 
lowered at Fort Sumter was restored to 
its position. 

14th, — President Lincoln was assas- 
sinated at Washington. He was shot in 
the back of the head at Ford's Theatre 
by Wilkes Booth, and died next morn- 
ing. The same evening an unsuccessful 
attempt was made to assassinate the 
secretary of state, William H. Seward. 

15th. — A.ndrew Johnson, Vice-Presi- 
de n. took the oath of office as President. 

26th. — Gen. Johnston surrendered to 
Gen. Sherman in North Carolina. 

MAY, 1865. 

5th. — Galveston, Texas, surrendered 
to the Federals. 

10th. — Jeff. Davis captured in Georgia. 

13th. — A skirmish took place near 
Brazos, in eastern Texas. 

26th. — The Confederates in Texas, un- 
der Gen. Kirb3 r Smith, surrendered. 

The armies of the East and West were 
disbanded and returned home, after a 
review at Washington. 

JUNE, 1865. 
6th. — An order was issued for the re- 
lease of all prisoners of war in the de- 
pots of the North. 

JULY, 1865. 
4th. — The corner-stone of a monu- 
ment was laid at Gettysburg, Penn., in 
memory of the soldiers who fell there. 



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18 



Area, Population and Growth of the United States. 



STATES AND TERRITORIES. 



States. 
Alabama . . . 
Arkansas . . . 
California . . . 
Connecticut . . 
Delaware . . . 

Florida 

Georgia .... 
Illinois .... 
Indiana .... 

Iowa 

Kansas .... 
Kentucky . . . 
Louisiana . . . 

Maine 

Maryland . . . 
Massachusetts 



Minnesota . . . . 
Mississippi . . . 
Missouri . . . . 
Nebraska . . . 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 
New Jersey . . 
New York . . . 
North Carolina . 

Ohio 

Oregon , . . . . 
Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . 
South Carolina . 
Tennessee . . . . 

Texas 

Vermont . . . . 

Virginia 

West Virginia . 
Wisconsin . . . . 



Total States 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

District of Columbia . 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories 



Area 111 
Square 

MllCB 



1860 



POPULATION. 
1870. 



50.722! 

52.198 

188,981 

4.674 

2,120 

59.2G8 

58.000 

55.410 

33,809 

55,045 

81,313 

37.600 

41,346 

31,776 

11,184 

7.800 

56.451 

83.531 

47,156 

65,350 

75.995 

112,090 

9,280 

8,320 

47,000 

50.704 

39,964 

95,244 

46,000 

1.306 

29,385 

45,600 

237,504 

10,212 

40.904 

23.000 

53,924 



1,950,171 



113.916 

104,500 

147,490 

60 

90.932 

143,776 

121.201 

80.056 

69.944 

93.107 



964.201 
435.450 
379.994 
460,147 
112.216 
140.424 

1,057.286 

1,711,951 

1,350.428 
674.913 
107.209 

1,155,684 
708.002 
628.2791 
687,049! 

1.231.066 
749,113 
172.023 
791,305 

1,182.012 

28,841 

6,857 

326,073 

672,035 

3.880.735 
992,622 

2,339,511 
52.465 

2.906.215 
174,620 
703,708 

1,109,801 
604.215 
315.098 

1,219,630 
376 688 
775.881 



31,183,744 



34,277 

4,837 

75,080 



93,516 
46,273 
11,594 



964,982 259,577 



Total of United States 2.915.203 31,443.321 38.555,983 00.000,000 32.120 60,852 



996.992 

484,471 

560,247 

537.454 

125.015 

187,74$ 

1,184.109 

2,539,891 

1,680.637 

1.191,792 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726.915 

626.915 

780.894 

1,457.351 

1.184.059 

439.706 

827,922 

1.721,295 

123.993 

42,491 

318.300 

906,096 

4,382,759 

1.071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 

3.521,791 

217.353 

705.606 

1,258,520 

818.579 

330,551 

1,225,163 

442.014 

1.054,670 



38,113,253 



9.658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14.999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 



442,730 



1.350.544 
528,349 

'857,039 



1.651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 



Miles R Road. 
T862. 



246.280 
52,540 

1^026.502 
4,698,958 



258.239 
925,145 



1,236.729 



805 

38 

23 

630 

127 

402 

1,420 

2,998 

2,175 

731 

567 
355 
505 
408 
1,285 
853 

862 

838 



661 
633 

2,728 
937 

3.100 
4 

3,006 
108 
97 

1,253 
451 
562 

1,379 
361 
961 



32,120 



1,671 

25 

1,013 

820 

227 

466 

2.108 

5,904 

3,529 

3.160 

1.760 

1.123 

539 

871 

820 

1.606 

2.235 

1,612 

990 

2,580 

828 

593 

790 

1,265 

4,470 

1,190 

3,740 

159 

5.113 

136 

1,201 

1,520 

865 

675 

1,490 

485 

1,725 



59,5S7 



392 



375 



1,265 



Table Showing Difference of Time at 12 o'clock (noon) at New York. 



New York 
Albany . . 
Buffalo . 
Cincinnati 
Chicago . 
St. Louis . 



12.00 N. 
12.00 " 
11.40 A. M. 
11.18 - 
11.07 " 
10.55 *■ 



San Francisco . 8.45 



New Orleans 
Washington 
Charleston . 
Havana . . 
Boston . . . 
Quebec . . 
Portland . . 



10.56 A. M. 
11.48 " 
11.36 *« 
11.25 * 4 
12.12 P.M. 
12 12 u 
12.15 " 



London . . . 4.55 P. M. 

Paris .... 5.05 " 

Rome .... 5.45 '• 
Constantinople 6.41 ll 

Vienna .... 6 00 " 

St. Petersburg 6.57 *• 

Pekin, night . 12 40 A.M. 



19 



Population of the Principal Cities of the United States, 

FEOM THE LATEST CENSUS EEPOSTS. 



Adriance, Mich •. . 10,072 
Akron, Ohio . . . 10,006 
Albany. X. Y . . 80.541 
Alexandria, Va . . 13,570 
Alleghany, Pa . . 72.000 
Allentown, Pa . . 13 884 
Alton, 111 ... . 11.773 
Altoona. Pa. . . . 15.329 
Atlanta, Ga . . . 21.789 
Auburn, X. Y . . 19.049 
Augusta, Ga . . . 15.3S9 
Aurora, 111 ... . 11.102 
Baltimore, Md . . 207,354 
Bangor, Me . . . IS. 289 
Belleville, 111. . . 10.249 
Biddeford, Me . . 10.282 
Binghainton, X. Y. 15.518 
Bloomington, 111 . 23.180 
Boston, Mass . . 341.919 
Bridgeport, Conn . 19.870 
Brooklyn, X. Y . 4S2.493 
Buffalo". X. Y . . 134,557 
Burlington, Iowa . 29.000 
Burlington, Vt . . 14.887 
Cambridge. Mass . 47.833 
Camden. X. J . . 20.045 
Canton. Ohio . . . 9.109 
Chicago, 111 . . . 298.977 
Charleston, S. C. . 48.956 
Charlestown, Mass 28.323 
Chillicothe, Ohio . 8.920 
Chester, Pa . . . 9.485 
Cincinnati, Ohio . 210.239 
Cleveland, Ohio . 92.829 
Columbia. S. C . . 9.298 
Columbus, Ohio . 31.274 
Cohoes. X. Y . . . 17.493 
Concord. X. H . . 12.24 L 
Council Bluffs. Io . 10.020 
Covington. Ky.. - 28.574 
Davenport. Iowa . 21.2 >4 
Davton. Ohio . . 30.473 
Des Moines, Iowa 18.343 
Detroit, Mich. . . 101.083 
Dover, X. H . . . 9.294 
Dubuque, Iowa . . 23.00) 
East Saginaw, Mich 17.174 
Elizabeth, X. J . . 25.923 
Elmira. X. Y . . 20.436 

Erie. Pa 26.037 

Evansville, Ind . . 21.830 
Fall Paver. Mass . 45.349 
Fond du Lac. Wis . 15,398 
Fort Wayne, Ind . 25.000 
Frederick. Md . . 8.526 
Galesburg. Ill . . 10.158 
Galveston. Texas . 34.213 
Georgetown, D. C. 11,384 
Gr'nd Papids, Mich 20.692 



Hamilton, Ohio . . ll,0Sli 

Hauibal. Mo . . . 10.000 

Harrisburg, Pa . . 27,926 . 

Hartford, Conn . . 37,180, 

Haverhill, Mass . . 14,700 \ 

Hobokeu, X. J . . 26,000 

Houston, Texas . 25,960 

Hudson, X. Y . . 8,784 

Indianapolis. Ind . 48,244 

Jackson, Mich . . 13.8S9 

i Jacksonville, 111 . 9.203 

Jancsville, Wis . . 10.115 

I Jersey City. X. J . 109.229 

Kansas City, Mo . 32.732 

Keokuk, Iowa . . 14,500 

Knoxville, Tenn . 8.682 

Kingston, X. Y . . 20,445 

j Lafayette, Ind . . 18.200 

Lancaster. Pa . . 25.421 

' Lawrence, Kansas . 8.149 

Lawrence, Mass . 35,400 

Leavenworth. Kan. 16.000 

Lewiston, Me . . 13,600 

; Lexington. Ky . . 19.733 

Little Pock, Ark . 20.475 

; Lockport, X. Y . . 12.553 

! Logan sport, Ind . 8.950 \ 

Louisville, Ky . . 100.7531 

' Lowell, Mass . . . 49,688 

! Lynn, Mass . . . 32.600 j 

j Long Is. City, X.Y. 15.587' 

| Louisville, Ky . . 100.753 I 

Macon, Ga . . . . 19.304 

j Manchester, N. H. 23.5361 



Madison, Ind . . 
Madison, Wis . . 
Mansfield, Ohio 
Memphis. Tenn . 
Milwaukee, Wis 



11.5571 

10,039 1 

8,029 ! 

40.226 1 

100.750! 



Minneapolis, Minn 34.000 
Mobile, Ala . . 
Nashua, X. II . 
Nashville, Tenn 

Xatchez, Miss . 



Xew Albany, Ind 



46.000 
10,543 

27.950 

9.057 I 

15,396 I 

123.310i 



Newark, X.J 

Xew Bedford, Mass 25.876: 
Xewburgh, X. Y . 17,322 ' 
Xewburvport.Mass 13.323 I 
XewBrunsw'k.X.J 16,660: 
Xew Haven, Conn 50.840 ' 
Xew Orleans, La . 203,489 ! 
Newport, Ky . . . 22.000 
Newport, K. I . . . 14.028 
New York, X.Y. 1.041.886 ! 
Norfolk, Va . . . 23.500 > 
Norwich, Conn . . 16,653 1 
Ogdensburg, X. Y. 10.358 | 
Omaha. Neb . . . 16,083 



Orange, X. J . . . 10,813 
Oshkosh, Wis . . 17,015 
Oswego, N. Y . . 22.428 
Paterson, X. J . . 38.824 
Peoria, 111 ... . 30.639 
Petersburg, Va . . 18.950 
Philadelphia, Pa .817.448 
Pittsburgh, Pa . . 86,076 
Portland, Me . . . 35.031 
Portland, Oregon . 8.293 
Portsmouth, X. H 10.043 
Portsmouth, Ohio. 13.140 
Portsmouth, Va . 10.492 
Poughkeepsie, X.Y 20.022 
Providence, K. I . 100.675 
Quincv, 111 ... . 35.181 
Racine, Wis . . . 13.300 
Raleigh, X. C . . 15.500 
Reading, Pa . . . 40,109 
Richmond, Ind . . 13.124 
Richmond, Va , . 51,038 
Rochester, X. Y . 81,722 
Rome, X. Y . • . 12,251 
Sacramento, Cal . 16,283 
St. Joseph, Mo . . 19.565 
St. Louis, Mo. . 310.864 
St. Paul Minn . . 33.400 
Salem. Mass . . . 25.958 
S'lt Lake City, Utah 12.854 
San Antonio. Texas 13.861 
Sandusky, Ohio . 13.000 
San Francisco, Cal 149.473 
Savannah, Ga . . 28.235 
Schenectady, X. Y 12.759 
Scranton, Pa . . . 35.092 
Springfield. Ill . . 25.000 
Springfield, Mass . 31.053 
Springfield, Ohio . 12,652 
Stockton, Cal . . 13.360 
Syracuse, X. Y . . 48.255 
Taunton, Mass . . 20.429 
Terre Haute, Ind . 19.265 
Titusville, Pa . . 8.639 
Toledo, Ohio . . . 31.584 
Trenton, X. J . . 22.874 
Trov, X.Y. - . . 48.531 
Utica,X. Y . . . 32,496 
Vicksburg, Miss . 12.443 
Washington, D. C .109.199 
Waterbury, Conn . 16.032 
Wateito wn, X.Y. 9.992 
Wheeling, AV. Va . 29.000 
Williamsport, Pa . 16.030 
Wilmington, Del . 30.841 
Wilmington, X. C 13.446 
Worcester, Mass . 49.265 
York, Pa . . . . 11.003 
Yonkers. X. Y . . 17.232 
Zanesville, Ohio . 10.011 



STRENGTH OF ICE OF DIFFERENT THICKNESS. 

Two inches thick— Will support a man. 

Four inches thick — Will support a man on horseback. 

Five inches thick — Will support an eighty-pounder cannon. 

Eight inches thick — Will support a baitery of artillery, with carriages and horses. 

Ten inches thick — Will support an army ; an innumerable multitude. 



20 



Population of the Principal Cities of the World, 

OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. (LATEST CENSUS.) 



Athens, Greece 46.000 

Abbeokoota, Africa 100,000 

Adrfenople, Turkey 100,000 

Agra, India 149,008 

Ahmedabad, India 130,000 

Alexandria. Egypt 180.796 

Algiers, Africa 100.000 

Amov. China 250,000 

Amsterdam, Holland 289,98a 

Antwerp, Belgium 141.910 

Berlin. Germany 966,872 

Brussels, Belgium 365.401 

Berne. Switzerland 36.000 

Bahia.Brazil 129.109 

Buenos A vies. Argentine Rep. . 177,890 
Bogota. Columbia (N. Granada) . 45,000 

Bangalore, India 142.513 

Bangkok, Siam . . 500.000 

Barcelona, Spain 252.015 

Bareillv, India 111.332 

Baroda, India 140,000 

Belfast, Ireland 174,394 

Benares, India 200,000 

Beyrout, Syria 100,000 

Bhurtpoor, India 100,000 

Birmingham. England 343.696 

Bombay, India 644,405 

Bordeaux, France 194,241 

Bradford, England 145,827 

Breslau, Prussia 171,926 

Bristol, England 182.524 

Bucharest, Turkey 121.734 

Constantinople, Turkey .... 1,075.000 

Cairo, Egypt 282.348 

Calcutta, India . 794.645 

Canton, China 1,236.600 

Cawnpore, India 122.770 

Chang-Choo, China 1,000.000 

Copenhagen, Denmark 181.291 

Cologne. Prussia 135.371 

Damascus, Turkey 120.000 

Delhi, India 152.406 

Dhar, India 100.000 

Dresden, Germany 156.024 

Dublin, Ireland 245.722 

Dundee, Scotland 118.974 

Edinburgh, Scotland 196.500 

Erzeroum, Turkey 100,000 

Fez, Morocco 100,000 

Florence, Italy 167.093 

Foo-Choo. China 609,000 

Fvzabad, India 100,000 

Genoa. Italy 130.269 

Ghent. Belgium 126.203 



Lisbon. Portugal 275,286 

Leeds, England 259.201 

Lima, Peru 160,056 

Liege, Belgium 111.853 

Lille, France 154.749 

Liverpool, England 493.346 

Lueknow, India 300.000 

Lyons. France 323 954 

Madrid, Spain 475.785 

Madras, India 427.771 

Manchester, England 383.843 

Manila, Philippine Is 160.000 

Marseilles, France 300.131 

Maiko. Japan 500.000 

Mexico, Mexico 210.300 

M ilin, Italy 261.976 

Monte Video, Uruguay 105.295 

Montreal, Canada 107.225 

Moorshedabad, India 146.963 

Moscow, Russia 611.970 

Munich, Bavaria 1G9.693 

Nagpoor, India 111.231 



\v 



Nantes, France 



111.956 



Greenwich. England 167,632 

Hamburg, Germany 224.974 

Hague, Holland 100.254 

Han-Keoo. China 800.000 

Havana. Cuba 205,676 

Herat, Afghanistan 100,01)0 

Hull. England 121.596 

Hyderabad, India 2)0.000 

Joodpoor, India 150,000 

Konigsberg, Prussia 122.6 56 

London. England 3,254.260 



Naples, Italy 448. 7J3 

Newcastle-on-Tyne, England . . .128.160 

Ningpo, China 400,000 

Odessa, Russia 162.814 

Ooroomtsee, Toorkistan .... 150.000 

Osaka, Japan 373.000 

Paris, France 1,794,^89 

Palermo, Italy 219,938 

Patna, India 158.900 j 

Pekin, China 1,648.800 ! 

Pesth, Hungary 201,911 

Portsmouth, England 112.954 

Port an Prince, Hayti 22,000 

Prague, Bohemia 157,123 

Riga, Russia 102,043 

Rio Janeiro, Brazil 274,972 

Rome, Italy ' . . . . 244,482 

Rotterdam, Holland 118.837 

Rouen, France 102.649 

San Domingo, San Domingo . . . 15.000 

Santiago, Chili 148,264 

Saigon, A nam 200.000 

Salford, England J24.805 

Seville Spain 118.2! 8 

Shang-Hai, China 395.000 

Sheffield, England 239,917 

Smyrna, Asia Minor 150.000 

Soo-Choo, China 2.000.000 

St. Petersburg, Russia 667.926 

Sioke-upon-Trent, England . . . .130.507 

Stockholm, Sweden 152.582 

Teheran, Persia 85.000 

Toulouse,France 113.229 

Trieste, Austria 104,707 

Tunis, Africa 125 000 

Turin. Italy 207,770 

Valencia, Spain 107,70.1 

Venice, Italy 128,901 

Vienna, Austria 1,000.999 

Warsaw, Poland 24J.512 



Varkand, Toorkistan . 
Veddo, Japan . . . . 



. . 125.0C0 
. 1.554.900 



21 



Number of Miles from New York to 



Adrian, Mich . . 
Akron, Ohio . . 
Albany, X.Y . . 
Alexandria, Ya . 
Algiers, La . . . 



Allentown. Pa . 
Alton, 111 . . . 
Annapolis, Md . 
Ann Arbor, Mich 
Atchison, Kansas 
Atlanta, Ga . - 
Auburn, X. Y . 
Augusta, Me . . 
Augusta, Ga . . 
Aurora, 111 . . . 
Baltimore. Md . 
Bangor, Me . . 
Bath, Me ... . 



Belfast, Me 
Bellefontaine, Oh 
Binghamton, X. ! 
Blackstone, Mass 
Bloomington, 111 
Boston, Mass . . 
Bristol, R. I . . 
Bucyrus. Ohio . 
Buffalo, X. Y . . 
Burlington, X. J 
Burlington, Iowa 
Burlington, Vt . 
Cambridge, Mass 
Camden. X. J . 
Canandaigua, X. Y . 
Carson City, Nevada, 
Chambersburg, Pa . 
Charleston, S. C . . 
Charlestown. Mass . 
Chattanooga. Tenn . 
Chicago. Ill . . . . 
Chillicothe, Ohio . . 
Cincinnati, Ohio . . 
Circleville, Ohio . . 
Cleveland, Ohio . . 
Columbia, S. C . . . 
Columbus, Ohio . . 
Concord X. II . . . 
Covington. Ky . . . 
Cumberland, Md . . 
Davenport. Iowa . . 
Dayton, Ohio . . . , 
Denver Citv. Col . . 



no 
610 
143 
238 

1,551 

434 

92 

1,060 
222 
716 

1.368 

lois 

328 

407 

887 

951 

188 

482 

382 

1.320 

424 

658 

215 

272 

1.037 

236 

215 

632 

433 

74 

1.122 

280 

239 

91 

377 

. 2.800 

246 

874 

235 

980 

911 

645 

744 

640 

581 

744 

624 

, 308 

, 745 

364 

, 1.093 

, S04 

, 1,980 



Des Moines, Iowa . 


. 1,251 


Detroit, Mich . . . 


. 679 


Dover, N. H . . . 


. 304 


Dubuque, Iowa . . 


. 1,100 


Dunkirk, X. Y . . 


. 400 


Elmira, X. Y . . . 


. 274 


Erie, Pa 


. 50 } 


Evansville, Ind . . 


. 1,021 


Fall River, Mass . 


. 180 


Fitchburg, Mass . 


. 286 


Fort Kearney, Xeb 


. 1,598 


Fort Wavne, Ind . 


. 763 


Fredericksburg, Va 


. 296 


Galena, 111 ... . 


. 1.083 


Galesburg, 111 . . 


. 1.076 


Galveston, Texas . 


. 1,900 


Georgetown, D. C 


. 228 


Hamilton, Ohio . . 


. 766 


llarrisburg. Pa . . 


. 182 


Hartford, Conn . . 


. 112 


Hudson, X. Y . . 


. 115 


Indianapolis, Ind . 


. 838 


Jackson, Miss . . 


. 1,498 


Jefferson Citv, Mo 


. 1,210 


Kalamazoo, Mich . 


. 822 


Kansas City, Mo . 


. 1,361 


Kingston. X. Y . . 


. 88 


Lafayette, Ind . . 


. 903 


Lansing, Mich . . 


. 785 


Lawrence, Mass . 


. 262 


Leavenworth, Kan 


. 1,385 


Lexington, Ky . . 


. 840 


Lexington. Mo . . 


. 1,354 


Little Rock, Ark . 


. 1.430 


Lockport, X. Y . . 


. 507 


Louisville. Ky . . 


. 900 


Lowell, Mass . . . 


. 261 


Lvnchburg, Ya . . 


. 404 


Macon, Ga . . . . 


. 1,121 


Madison, Wis . . • 


. 1,049 


Memphis, Tenn . . 


. 1.289 


Milledgeville, Ga . 


. 1,100 


Milwaukee, Wis . 


. 996 


Mobile, Ala . . . 


. 1,370 


Montgomery, Ala . 


. 1,193 


Montpelier, Vt . . 


. 454 


Xashua, X. H . . 


. 275 


Xashville, Tenn . 


. 1,085 


New Albany, Ind . 


. 903 


Xew Bedford. Mass 


. 181 


New Brunswi'k. X. 


J. 32 


Xewburgh, X. Y . 


. 53 


Xew Haven. Conn 


. 76 



Xew Orleans, La . 


. 1,550 


Newport, Ky . . . 


. 744 


Xewport, R. I . . 


. 162 


Xorwalk, Conn . . 


. 45 


Omaha, Xeb . . . 


. 1,455 


Oswego, X. Y . . 


. 237 


Paterson. X. J . . 


. 17 


Peoria, 111 ... . 


. 1,072 


Petersburg, Va . . 


. 378 


Philadelphia. Pa . 


. 88 


Pittsburgh, Pa • . 


. 431 


Portland. Me . . . 


. 344 


Providence, R. I . 


. 193 


Quincy, III . . . . 


. 1.176 


Racine, Wis . . . 


. 976 


Raleigh, N.C . . . 
Reading, Pa . . . 


. 669 


. 128 


Richmond, Va . . 


. 356 


Rochester, X. Y . 


. 3S6 


Rock Island, 111 . 


. 1.093 


Rome, X. Y . . . 


. 264 


Roxbury, Mass . . 


. 238 


Sacramento, Cal . 


. 2,900 


St. Joseph, Mo . . 


. 1,384 


St. Louis, Mo . . 


. 1,084 


St. Paul, Minn . . 


. 1.441 


Salem, Mass . . . 


. 252 


Salt Lake City, Utah 2.410 


San Francisco, Cal 


. 3.088 


Sandusky, Ohio . 


. 642 


Saratoga, X. Y . . 


. 182 


Savannah, Ga . . 


. 974 


Scranton Pa . . . 


. 142 


Springfield, 111 . . 


. 1.062 


Springfield, Mass . 


. 138 


Springfield, Ohio . 


. 828 


Staunton, Va . . . 


. 486 


Stonington, Conn . 


. 143 


Syracuse, X. Y . . 


. 302 


Taunton, Mass . . 


. 210 


Tallahassee, Fla . 


. 1,190 


Terre Haute, Ind . 


. 912 


Toledo, Ohio . . . 


. 742 


Tonawanda, X.Y . 


. 463 


Trenton, X. J . . 


. 58 


Troy, X. Y . . . . 


. 148 


Utica, X.Y . . . 


. 249 


Vicksburg, Miss . 


. 1,542 


Washington, D. C 


. 230 


Wheeling, W, Va . 


. 522 


Wilmington, Del . 


. 116 


Wilmington, X. C 


. 604 


i Worcester, Mass . 


. 192 



Number of Miles by Water from New York to 



Amsterdam . . . . 

Bermudas 

Bombay 

Boston 

Buenos Ayres . . . 
Calcutta . . . . . 

Canton 

Cape Horn . . . . 
Cape of Good Hope 
Charleston . . . . 
Columbia River . . 
Constantinople. . . 



3,510 

660 

11.574 

310 

7.110 

12.425 

13.900 

8,115 

6.830 

750 

15,966 

5.140 



Dublin . 

Gibralter 
j Halifax . 
j Hamburg 
i Havana . 

Havre . . 

Kingston 
! Lima . . 
! Liverpool 

London . 

.Madras . 

Xaples . 



3.225 
3,300 
612 
3.775 
1,420 
3.210 
1.640 

11.310 
3.210 
3.375 ' 

11.850 ; 
4.330 



Xew Orleans . . . 2.045 

Panama 2.358 

Pekin 15,325 

Philadelphia .... 240 

Quebec 1,400 

Rio Janeiro .... 3.840 
Round the Globe . 25,000 
Sandwich Island . . 15,300 
San Francisco . . . 15,858 
St. Petersburg . . . 4.420 
Valparaiso .... 9.750 
Washington .... 400 



■2-2 



FOREIGN AND UNITED STATES GOLD COIN. 

Their Weight, Fineness and Value as Assayed at the United States mint. 



Note. — Their weight is given in Troy-ounces* and decimals of the same; the 
fineness shows how many parts In 1000 are line Gold; the value is the intrinsic 
relative value, as compared with the amount of tine Gold in United States coin. 



COUNTRIES. 



Australia 
Austria . . 



Belgium . . . 
Bolivia .... 

Brazil .... 
Central Americ 



Chili 



Denmark 
Dcuador . 
England . 



France 



Germany 



Greece . . 
Hindostan 
Italy . . 
Japan . . 



Mexico 



Naples . . . . 
Netherlands . 
New Granada 



Peru 



Portugal 
Prussia 
Rome . 
Russia . 
Spain . . 



Sweden 



Tunis . . 
Turkey . . 
Tuscany . 

United States 



DENOMINATIONS. 



round of 1852 



Ducat 

Sovereign 

New Union Coin 

25 Francs 

Douhloon 

Twenty Milreis 

Two Escudos 

Four Reuls 

Old Doubloon 

Ten Pesos 

Ten Thalers 

Four Escudos 

Pound or Sovereign, new . . 

" " average 

Twenty Francs, new .... 

" average . . 

Ten Thalers 

Ten Mark 

Krone (crown) 

Twenty Mark 

Twenty Drachms 

Mohur 

Twenty Lire 

Old Cobang 



Yen (new, assumed) . . . 
Doubloon, average .... 

" new 

Twenty Pesos (Max.) . . 

kt ' " (Repub.) . 

Six Ducacti ........ 

Ten Guilders 

Old Doubloon (Bogota) . 
'• •' (Popayan) . 

Ten Pesos 

Old Doubloon 

Twenty Sols 

Gold Crown 

New Crown (assumed) . 

2i Scudi (new) 

Five Rubles 

100 Reals 

80 " 

Ducat 

Carotin, 10 frs 

25 Piastres 

100 Piastres 

Seguin 

Dollar 

Quarter Eagle 

Three Dollar 

Half Eagle 

Eagle 

Double Eagle 



Weight. 



0.281 

0.2565 

0.112 

0.363 

357 

0.254 

0.867 

0.575 

0.209 

0.027 

0.867 

0.492 

0.427 

0.433 

0.2567 

0.2562 

0.2075 

0.207 

0.427 

0.128 

0.357 

256 

0.185 

0.374 

0.207 

0.362 

0.289 

0.535 

0.8675 

0.8675 

1.086 

1.090 

1.245 

0.215 

0.868 

0.867 

0.525 

0.867 

1.055 

0.308 

0.357 

0.140 

0.210 

0.268 

0.215 

0.111 

0.104 

0.161 

0.231 

0.112 

0.05375 

0.13437 

0'. 161 25 

0.26875 

0.5375 

1.075 



Fineness. 



916.5 

916 

986 

900 

900 

899 

870 

917.5 

S53.5 

875 

870 

900 

895 

844 

916.5 

916 

899 

899 

895 

900 

900 

900 

900 

916 

898 

568 

572 

900 

866 

870.5 

875 

875 

996 

899 

870 

858 

891.5 

868 

898 

912 

900 

900 

916 

896 

869.5 

875 

900 

900 

915 

999 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 



* Troy WEIGHT. — 24 grains make 1 pennyweight; 20 pennyweights make 1 
ounce; 12 ounces make 1 pound. 



23 



FOREIGN AND UNITED STATES SILVER COIN. 

As Assayed at the United States Mint, the "basis of Valuation being $1.22£ per 
Ounce of Standard Fineness. 

Note. — Their weight is given in Troy-ounces* ; fineness in thousandths. 



COUNTRIES. 



DENOMINATIONS. 



Austria 



Belgium 
Bolivia 

Brazil . 
Canada 



Central America, 
Chili 



China 



Denmark . 
England . . 



France . . 
Germany . 



Greece . . 
llindostan 
Japan . . 



Mexico 



Naples . . . . 
Netherlands . 
Norway . . . 
New Granada 
Peru 



Prussia 



Rome . . . . 
Russia . . . . 
Sardinia . . . 

Spain 

Sweden . . . . 
Switzerland . 
Tunis . . . . 
Turkey . . 
Tuscany . . . 
United States 



Old Rix Dollar 

Old Scudo • . 

Florin before 18,"8 

New Florin 

New Union Dollar 

Maria Theresa Dollar 17S0 . 

Five Francs 

New Dollar 

Double Milreis 

Twenty Cents 

Twenty-five Cents 

Dollar • • . 

Old Dollar 

New Dollar 

Dollar (English) assumed . 

Ten Cents 

Two Rigsdaler 

Shilling, new 

Shilling, average 

Five Francs, average . . . 

Two Francs 

One Mark 

New Thaler 

Florin before 1857 

New Florin, assumed . . . 

Five Drachms 

Rupee 

Itzabu 

New Itzabu . 

10 Sen (new coinage) . . . 

Dollar, new • . 

Dollar, average 

Peso of Maximilian .... 

Scudo 

2h Guilders 

Specie Daler 

Dollar of 1857 

Old Dollar j 

Dollar of 1858 ! 

Half Dollar, 1835 and 1838 . 

Sol 

Thaler before 1857 

New Thaler 

Scudo 

Ruble 

Five Lire 

New Pistareen 

Rix Dollar 

Two Francs 

Five Piastres 

Twenty Piastres 

Florin 

Dollar 

Half Dollar 

Quarter Dollar 

Dime 

Half Dime 

Three Cent 



Weight. 



0.902 

0.836 

0.451 

0.397 

59G 

0.895 

0.803 

801 

0.820 

0.150 ' 

01875 

0.866 

0.864 

0.801 

0.866 

0.087 

0.927 

0.1825 

0.178 

800 

0.320 

402 

0.595 

0.340 

0.340 

0.719 

0.374 

0.279 

0.279 

0.804 

0.8675 

0.866 

0.861 

0.844 

0.804 

0.927 

803 

0.866 

0.766 

0.433 

0.802 

712 

0.595 

0.864 

0.667 

800 

0.166 

0.092 

0.323 

0.511 

0.770 

0.220 

s;>!)2 

0.400 

0.200 

0.080 

0.040 

0.024 



Fineness. 



833 
902 

833 

900 

900 

838 

897 

900 

918.5 

925 

925 

850 

908 

900.5 

901 

901 

877 

924.5 

925 

900 

835 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 

916 

991 

890 

800 

903 

901 

902.5 

830 

944 

877 

896 

901 

909 

650 

900 

750 

900 

900 

875 

900 

899 

750 

899 

898.5 

830 

925 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 

900 



Value. 



$1,023 

1.026 

.511 

.486 

.731 

1.021 

.98 

.981 

1.025 

.189 

.236 

1.002 

1.068 

.982 

1.062 

.106 

1.107 

.23 

.224 

.98 

.364 

.19 

.729 

.417 

.417 

.881 

.466 

.376 

.338 

.985 

1.066 

1.062 

1.055 

.953 

1.033 

1.107 

.98 

1.002 

• .948 

.383 

.982 

.727 

.729 

1.058 

.794 

.98 

.203 

1.115 

.395 

.625 

.87 

.276 



*Tkoy WEIGHT.— 24 grains make 1 pennywci< 
ounce ; 12 ounces make 1 pound. 



•lit; 20 pennyweights make 1 



FICTITIOUS NAMES OF STATES. 



BADGER STATE.— A name popularly 
given to the State of Wisconsin. 

BAY STATE. — A popular name of 
Massachusetts, which, previous to the 
adoption of the Federal Constitution, 
was called the Colony of Massachu- 
setts Hay. 

BAYOU STATE.— A name sometimes 
given to the State of Mississippi, 
which abounds in bayous, or creeks. 

BEAR STATE.— A name by which the 
State of Arkansas is sometimes desig- 
nated, on account of the number of 
Bears that infest its forests. 

CREOLE STATE.— A name sometimes 
given to the State of Louisiana, in 
Which the descendants of the original 
French and Spanish settlers constitute 
a large proportion of the population. 

DIAMOND STATE.— A name some- 
times given to the State of Delaware, 
from its small size and great worth, 
or supposed importance. 

EMPIRE STATE.— A popular name of 
the State of New York, the most pop- 
ulous and the wealthiest State in the 
Union. 

EXCELSIOR STATE.— The State of 
New York, sometimes so called from 
the motto " Excelsior " upon its coat 
of arms. 

FREESTONE STATE.— The State of 
Connecticut; — sometimes so called 
from the quarries of freestone which 
it contains. 

GRANITE STATE.— A popular name 
for the State of New Hampshire, the 
mountainous portions of which are j 
largely composed of granite. 

GREEN-MOUNTAIN STATE.— A pop- I 
ulaj- name for the State of Vermont, j 
the Green Mountains being the princi- 
pal mountain range in the state. 

HAWKEYE STATE.— The State of 
Iowa ; — said to be so named after an 
Indian chief, wiio was once a terror to 
voyageura to its borders. 

HOOSIER STATE.— The State of In- 
diana, the inhabitants of which are 
often called Uoosiers. This word is a 
corruption of husher, formerly a com- 
mon term for a bully, throughout the 
West. 

KEYSTONE STATE.— The State of 
Pennsylvania ; — so called from its hav- 
ing been the central State of the Union 
at the time of the formation of the 
Constitution. If the names of the 
thirteen original States are arranged 
in the form of an arch. Pennsylvania 
will occupy the place of the keystone. 



LAKE STATE.— A name popularly 
given to the State of Michigan, which 
borders upon the four lakes, Superior, 
Michigan, Huron, and Erie. 

LONE-STAR STATE.— The State of 
Texas; — so called from the device on 
its coat of arms. 

LIMBER STATE.— A popular designa- 
tion for the State of Maine, the inhab- 
itants of which are largely engaged in 
the business of cutting and raiting 
lumber, or of converting it into boards 
shingles, scantlings, and the like. 

MOTHER OF PRESIDENTS.— A name 
frequently given, in the United States 
to the State of Virginia, which 
has furnished six presidents to the 
Union. 

MOTHER OF STATES.— A name some- 
times given to Virginia, the first-set- 
tled of the thirteen States which unit- 
ed in the declaration of independence. 

NUTMEG STATE.— A popular name, 
in America, for the State of Connecti- 
cut, the inhabitants of which have 
such a reputation for shrewdness, that 
they have been jocosely accused of 
palming off wooden nutmegs on un- 
suspecting purchasers, instead of the 
genuine article. 

OLD COLONY.— A name popularly 
given to that portion of Massachusetts 
included within the original limits of 
the Plymouth colony, which was 
formed at an earlier date than the 
colony of Massachusetts Bay. 

OLD DOMINION.— A popular name for 
the State of Virginia. 

OLD NORTH STATE.— A popular des- 
ignation of the State of North Caro- 
lina. 

PALMETTO STATE.— The State of 
South Carolina; — so called from the 
arms of the State, which contain a 
palmetto. 

PENINSULAR STATE.— The State of 
Florida ; — so called from its shape. 

PINE-TREE STATE.— A popular name 
of the State of Maine, the central and 
northern portions of which are cover- 
ed with extensive pine forests. 

PRAIRIE STATE.— A name given to 
Illinois in allusion to the wide-spread 
and beautiful prairies, which form a 
striking feature of the scenery of the 
State. 

TURPENTINE STATE.— A popular 
name for the State of North Carolina, 
which produces and exports immense 
quantities of turpentine. 



25 



FICTITIOUS NAMES OF CITIES. 



BLUFF CITY.— A descriptive name 
popularly given to the city of Hanni- 
bal, Missouri. 

CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE.— 
Philadelphia is sometimes so called, 
this being the literal signification of 
the name. 

CITY OF CHURCHES.— A name popu- 
larly given to the city of Brooklyn, 
X. Y.. from the unusually large num- 
ber of churches which it contains. 

CITY OF ELMS.— A familiar denomi- 
nation of New Haven. Conn., many of 
the streets of which are thickly shaded 
with lofty elms. 

CITY OF MAGNIFICENT DISTAN- 
CES. — A popular designation given to 
the city of Washington, the capital of 
the United States, which is laid out on 
a very large scale, being intended to 
cover a space four miles and a half 
long, and two miles and a half broad. 
or eleven square miles. The entire 
site is traversed by two sets of streets 
from 70 to 100 feet wide, at right an- 
gles to one another, the whole again 
intersected obliquely by fifteen aven- 
ues from 130 to 160 feet wide. 

CITY OF NOTIONS.— In the United 
States, a popular name for the city of 
Boston, Mass.. the metropolis of 
Yankeedom. 

CITY OF ROCKS.— A descriptive name 
popularly given, in the United States. 
to the city of Nashville. Tenn. 

CITY OF SPINDLES.— A name popu- 
larly given to the city of Lowell. 
Mass. "the largest cotton-manufactur- 
ing town in the United States. 

CITY OF THE STRAITS.— A name 
popularly given to Detroit, which is 
situated on the west bank of the river 
or strait connecting Lake St. Clair 
with Lake Erie. Detroit is a French 
word, meaning •• strait." 

CRESCENT CITY.— A popular name 
for the city of New Orleans, the older 
portion of which is built around the 
convex side of a bend of the Missis- 
sippi River. 

EMPIRE CITY.— The city of New 
York, the chief citj- of the western 
world, and the metropolis of the Em- 
pire State. 

FALL CITY.— Louisville, Ky. ;— popu- 
larly so called from the falls which, 
at this place, impede the navigation 
of the Ohio River. 

FLOUR CITY.— A popular designation, 
in the United States, for the city of 
Rochester, N. Y.. a place remarkable 
for its extensive manufactories of 
flour. 



FLOWER CITY.— Springfield. Illinois, 
the capital of the State, which is dis- 
tinguish »d for the beauty of its sur- 
roundings. 

FOREST CITY.— 1. Cleveland. Ohio;— 
so called from the many ornamental 
trees with which the streets are bor- 
dered. 

'1. A name given to Portland, Maine, a 
city distinguished for its many elms 
ami other beautiful shade-trees. 

GARDEN CITY.— A popular name for 
Chicago, a city which is remarkable 
for the number and beauty of its pri- 
vate gardens. 

GARDEN OF THE WEST. — A name 
usually given to Kansas, but some- 
times applied to Illinois and others of 
the Western States, which are all 
noted for their productiveness. 

GATE CITY.— Keokuk, Iowa ;— popu- 
larly so called. It is situated at the 
foot of lower rapids of the Mississippi. 

GOTHAM. — A popular name for the 
city of New York. 

HUB OF THE UNIVERSE.— A bur- 
lesque and popular designation of Bos- 
ton, Mass., originating with the 
American humorist, O. W. Holmes. 

IRON CITY. — A name popularly given 
in the United State, to Pittsburg, Pa., 
a city distinguished for its numerous 
and immense iron manufactures. 

MONUMENTAL CITY.-The city of 
Baltimore; — so called from the monu- 
ments which it contains. 

MOUND CITY.— A name popularly 
given to St. Louis, on account of the 
numerous artificial mounds that occu- 
pied the site on which the city is built. 

PURITAN CITY.— A name sometimes 
given to the city of Boston, Mass.. in 
allusion to the character of its found- 
ers and early inhabitants. 

QUAKER CITY.— A popular name of 
Philadelphia, which was planned and 
settled by William Penn. 

QUEEN CITY.— A popular name of 
Cincinnati;— so called when it was the 
undisputed commercial metropolis of 
the West. 

QUEEN CITY OF THE LAKES.— A 
name sometimes given to the city of 
Buffalo. N. Y.. from its position and 
importance. 

RAILROAD CITY.— Indianapolis, the 
capital of the State of Indiana, is 
sometimes called by this name, as be- 
ing the terminus of various railroads. 

SMOKY CITY.— A name sometimes 
given to Pittsburg, an important man- 
ufacturing city of Pennsylvania. 



26 



Opening and Closing of the Hudson River for 56 years. 



Year. 

1824-6 . 
1825-6 . 
1826-7 . 

L827 B . 
1828-9 • 
182&-30 
1830-1 . 
1831-2 . 
1832-3 . 
1833-4 . 
L834-5 . 
1835-4S . 
1836-7 . 
1837-8 . 
1838-9 . 
1839-40. 
1840-1 . 
1841-2 . 
1842-3 . 
IS 13-4 . 
1844-.1 . 
1845-6 . 
1846-7 . 
1847-8 . 
1848-9 . 
1819-50. 
1850-1 . 
1851-2 . 



River 

Clojcd. 

. Jan. 5 

. Deo. 23 

. Dec. 24 

. Nov. 25 

. Dec. 23 

. Jan. 14 

. Dec. 

. Dec. 25 

. Dec. 21 

. Dec. 13 

. Dec. 15 

. Nov. 30 

. Dec. 7 

. Dec. 14 

. Nov. 25 

. Dec. 18 

. Dec. 5 

. Dec. 19 

. Nov. 28 

. Dec. 10 

. Dec. 17 

. Dec. 3 

. Dec. 14 

. Dec. 25 

. Dec. 28 

. Dec. 26 

. Dec. 17 

. Dec. 14 



River 
Opened. 

. March 

. Feb*v 20 

. March 20 

. Feb'y 8 

. April 1 

. March 15 

. March 15 

. March 25 

. March 21 

. Feb'y 28 

. March 25 

. April 5 

. March 27 

. March 29 

. March 25 

. Feb'y 25 

. March 24 

. Feb'y 4 

. April 13 

. March 18 

. Feb'v 24 

. March 18 

. April 7 

. March 22 

. March 18 

. March 10 

. Feb'y 25 

. March 28 



Davs 
Closed. 

, . 60 I 

. . 66 

. . 8(1 

. . 75 

. . 100 

. . GO 

. . 99 

. . 101 

. . 90 

. . 77 

. . 100 

. . 125 

. .111 

. . 105 

. . 120 

. . 09 

. . 109 

. . 47 

. . 130 

. . 98 

. . 09 

. . 95 

. . Ill 

. . 88 

. . 81 

. . 73 

. . 70 

. . 102 



Year. 

isr>j 3 . 
1853-4 . 
1854-5 . 
1855-0 . 
1856-7 . 
1857-8 . 
1S58-9 . 
1859-00. 
1860-1 . 
1801-2 . 
1802-3 . 
1803-4 . 
1804-5 . 
1S05-G . 
1866-7 . 
1867-8 . 
1868-9 . 
1869-70. 
1870-1 . 
1871-2 . 
1872-3 . 
1873-4 . 
1874-5 . 
1875-6 . 
1876-7 . 
1877-8 . 
1878-9 . 
1879-80. 



River 
Closed. 

. Dec. 23 

. Dec. 21 

. Dec. 8 

. Dec. 20 

. Dec. 14 

. Dec. 27 

. Dec. 17 

. Dec. 10 

. Dec. 14 

. Dec. 28 

. Dec. 23 

. Dec. 16 

. Dec. 12 

. Dec. 12 

. Dec. 15 

. Dec. 9 

. Dec. 9 

. Dec. 4 

. Dec. 15 

. Nov. 23 

. Dec. 26 

. Jan. 30 

. Dec. 12 

. Jan. 7 

. Dec. 19 

. Jan. 8 

. Dec. 28 

. Dec. 19 



River 
Opened. 

March 23 
March 17 
March 27 
April 11 
March 18 
March 20 
March 13 
March 6 
March 5 
April 3 
April 7 
March 11 
March 17 
March 20 
March 24 
March 20 
April 5 
March 30 
March 11 
March 27 
April 1 
March 3 
April 12 
Feb'y 25 
March 1 
March 1 
March 13 
March 2 



Days 
Closed. 

. 91 

. 86 
. 108 
. Ill 

. 93 
. 83 
. 85 
. 86 
, . 82 
, . '97 
, . 106 
, . 85 
, . 94 
, . 98 
, . 100 
, . 100 
, . 116 
. . 115 
, . 85 
, . 124 
, . 94 
, . 31 
, . 120 
, . 50 
, . 72 
, . 51 
. . 75 
. . 73 



Table of Weights and Measures. 



TROY WEIGHT. 

24 Grains .... make 1 pennyweight. 
20 Pennyweights k * 1 ounce. 
12 Ounces .... " 1 pound. 

Troy weight is used in weighing gold, 
silver, and jewels. 

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. 
20 Grains .... make 1 scruple. 



3 Scruples . 

8 Drams . . 

12 Ounces . . 



1 drain. 
1 ounce. 
1 pound. 



AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 

16 Drams .... make 1 ounce. 
16 Ounces .... " 1 pound. 
25 Pounds ... '* ' 1 quarter. 
4 Quarter ... " 1 hundred lbs. 
20 ewt. or 2000 lbs. " 1 ton. 

LIQUID MEASURE. 

4 Gills make 1 pint. 

2 Pints " 1 quart. 

4 Quarts i4 1 gallon. 

314 Gallons .... " 1 barrel. 
2 Barrels, or 63 gal. ;; 1 hogshead. 

DRY MEASURE. 

2 Pints make 1 quart. 

8 Quarts k * 1 peck. 

... •• 1 bushel. 



LONG MEASURE. 

12 inches make 1 foot. 

3 feet c * 1 yard. 

54 yards, 164 feet . 
40 rods 

8 furlongs, or 320 
rods, or 1760 yds. 



1 rod or pole. 
1 furlong. 

1 mile. 



MEASURE OF TIME. 
60 seconds make 1 minute. 



60 minutes .... 
24 hours 

7 days 

4 weeks .... 
12 calendar month 
52 weeks .... 
365 i>., 5 II. 



1 hour. 
1 day. 
1 week. 
1 lunar mo. 
1 year. 
1 year. 
1 solar yr. 



1 IVrk.^ 

30 Bushels 



1 chaldron of 
coal. 



LAND MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches .... make 1 link. 
100 links, or 66 feet, or 4 

poles " 1 chain. 

10 chains long by 1 broad 

or 10 square chains.. " 1 ncre. 
80 chains u 1 mile. 

SURFACE MEASURE. 

144 square inches make 1 square foot. 
9 square feet. . k * 1 square yard. 
30', square yards. a 1 sq. rd. or prch 
40 sq. perches . . " 1 rood. 
4 roods .... " 1 acre. 
040 acres .... "1 square mile. 



n 



UNITED STATES LAUD MEASURE. 

$®**A Township is 36 sections, each a mile square. A section is 640 acres. A 
quarter section, half a mile square, is 1(50 acres. An eighth section, half a mile 
long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide, is 80 acres. A sixteenth sec- 
tion, a quarter of a mile square, is 40 acres. 



The sections are all numbered 1 to 36. 
commencing at north-en st corner, thus: 


6 


5 


4 


3 


2 


nwInb 

S W S K 


1 

7 


S 9 


10 


11 12 


IS 


17 16* 15 14 13 


19 


20 21 22 

i 


23 24 


30 


29 2S 27 26 25 


31 


32 33 34 35 \ 36 



The sections are all divided in quar- 
ters, which are named by the cardinal 
points, as in section 1. The quarters 
are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a fort}'-acrelot would read : 
The south half of the west half of the 
south-west quarter of section 1 in town- 
ship 24, north of range 7 west, or as the 
case might, be ; and sometimes will fall 
short, and sometimes overrun the num- 
ber of acres it is supposed to contain. 



School section. 



Homestead Privilege.— The laws 
give to every citizen, and to those who 
have declared their intention to become 
citizens, the right to a homestead on sur- 
veyed lands, to the extent of one quarter 
section, or 160 acres, or a half-quarter 
section, or 80 acres ; the former in cases 
in the class of lower priced lands held 
by law at SI. 25 per acre, the latter of 
high priced lands held at 82.50 per acre, 
when disposed of to cash purshasers. 



CAPACITY OF WELLS OR CISTERNS. 

Tabular view of the number of gallons contained in the clear between the brick- 
work for each ten inches of depth. 

DIAMETER. GALLONS. 

2 feet equal 19 

24 '« 

3 " 

34 " 

4 " 

41 " 

5 " 

54 " 

6 " 

64 " 

7 t; 

74 - 



30 


84 


44 


9 


60 


94 


78 


10 


97 


11 


122 


12 


148 


13 


176 


14 


207 


15 


240 


20 


275 


25 



DIAMETER. GALLONS 

8 feet equal 313 

353 

396 

461 

489 

592 

705 

827 

959 

. . . . * 1101 

14 1958 

3059 



To Estimate the Amount of Hay in a Mow. 

A gentleman largely engaged in the growing of hay and stock in Orange Coun- 
ty. X. Y.. says : " In this part of the country we sell hay by measurement, in a 
mow. and allow 512 cubic feet for a ton. and it comes out very generally correct. 
I have just sold a mow of hay and weighed it, and measured the mow. and this 
rule proved correct." _____ 

To Measure Corn in the Crib. 

This rule will apply to a crib of any size or kind. Two cubic feet of good 
sound, dry corn in the ear will make a bushel of shelled corn. To get. then, the 
quantity of shelled corn in a crib of corn in the ear. measure the length, breadth 
and height of the crib, inside of the rail ; multiply the length by the breadth, and 
the product by the height ; then divide the product by two. and you have the num- 
ber of bushels of shelled corn in the crib. 

To find the number of bushels of apples, potatoes, etc.. in a bin. multiply the 
the length, breadth and thickness together, and this product by 8, and point oft' 
one figure in the product for decimals. 



m 



BUSHEL MEASURE. 

The following table shows the legal number of pounds per bushel of the follow- 
ing articles Id the States therein named: 



AKTICLES. 



Wheat 

Corn, Shelled .... 

Corn, in Ear 

Oats 

Barley 

Rye 

Buckwheat , 

White Beans 

Irish Potatoes . . . . 
Sweet Potatoes . . . . 

Turnips 

Onions 

Dried Peaches 

Dried Apples 

Bran 

Hungarian Grass Seed 

Hemp Seed 

Flax Seed 

Stone Coal 

Charcoal 

Coarse Salt 

Clover Seed 

Timothy Seed 



Now Mich- 
York. igan. 



60 
58 
70 
32 
48 
56 
48 
60 
60 
55 
55 
57 
32 
22 
20 
48 
44 
56 



Indi- 
ana 



60 

56 
70 
32 

48 
56 
42 
60 
60 
55 
55 
57 
28 
28 
20 
48 
44 
56 



22 

56 
60 



22 
50 

(50 



56 
68 
32 
48 
5(5 
50 
60 
60 
55 
55 
57 
33 
25 

48 
44 
56 
70 
22 
50 
60 



Illinois. 


Wis- 
consin. 


Iowa. 


60 


60 


60 1 


56 


56 


56 ! 


70 


70 


70 1 


32 


32 


33 


48 


48 


48 


56 


56 


56 


52 


40 


52 


60 


60 


60 


60 


60 


60 


55 


55 


46 


55 


55 


55 


57 


57 


57 


33 


28 


33 


24 


28 


24 


20 


20 


20 


48 


48 


45 


44 


44 


44 


56 


56 


50 


80 


. . 


80 


22 


22 


22 


50 


50 


50 


60 


60 


60 


45 


46 


45 



56 
70 
35 
48 
56 
52 
60 
60 
55 
55 
57 
33 
24 
20 
48 
44 
56 

22 

50 
00 



PACTS WORTH KNOWING. 



A cubit is two feet. 

A pace is three feet. 

A fathom is six feet. 

A palm is three inches. 

A league is three miles. 

There are 2,750 languages. 

Two persons die every second. 

Sound moves 743 miles per hour. 

A square mile contains 640 acres. 

Light moves 192,000 miles per hour. 

A barrel of rice weighs 600 pounds. 

A barrel of flour weighs 196 pounds. 

A barrel of pork weighs 200 pounds. 

A firkin of butter weighs 56 pounds. 

A span is ten and seven-eight inches. 

Slow rivers flow four miles per hour. 

Rapid rivers flow seven miles per hour 

A hand (horse measure) is four inch's. 

A rifle ball moves 1,000 miles per hour. 

A storm moves thirty-six miles per 
hour. 

A hurricane moves eighty miles per 
hour. 

Electricity moves 288,000 miles per 
hour. 

The first iron steamship was built in 
1830. 

The first lucifer match was made in 
1829. 

Gold was discovered in California in 
1848. 

The first horse railroad was built in 
1826-7. 

The first steamboat plied the Hudson 
in 1807. 

The average human life is thirty-one 
years. 



America was discovered in 1492. 

Envelopes were first used in 1839. 

Telescopes were invented in 1590. 

The first steel pen was made in 1830. 

Coaches were first used in England in 
1569. 

Post offices were first established in 
1464. 

Watches were first constructed in 
1470. 

Modern needles first came into use In 
1545. 

Kerosene was first used for lighting 
purposes in 1826. 

The first newspaper was published in 
England in 1588. 

The first newspaper advertisment ap- 
peared in 1652. 

The first use of a locomotive in this 
country was in 1829. 

The first printing press in the United 
States was introduced in 1629. 

Albert Durer gave the world a proph- 
ecy of future wood engraving in 1527. 

Until 1776 cotton spinning was per- 
formed by the hand-spinning wheel. 

Glass windows were first introduced 
into England in the eighth century. 

Measure 209 feet on each side and you 
will have a square acre within an inch. 

The first complete sewing machine 
was patented by Elias Howe. Jr. in 1846. 

The first steam engine on this conti- 
nent was brought from England in 1753. 

The first knives were used in England 
and the first wheeled carriages in France 
in 1559. 



29 



THE MILE OF DIFFERENT NATIONS. 



Yards. 

Arabian 2.148 

Bohemian 10.187 

Brabant 6.082 

Burgundy 6.183 

Chinese Ills 628 

Dutch 6.395 

Danish 8.244 

English 1.760 

English geograp'cal 2.025 

Flemish 6.860 

German geograp'cal 8.100 

Hamburg 8.244 

Hanover 11.550 



Yards. 

Hesse 10.547 

Hungarian 9.113 

French (art leagues) 4.860 

I French (marine) . . 6,075 
Legal lgs. 2000toises 4.263 

Irish . 3.038 

Italian 2.025 

Luthenian 9,784] 

I Oldenburg 10.820 

Persian paisang . . 6.086 
Polish, short . . . 6,095 
Polish, long .... 8.101 
Portuguese, leguos . 6.760 



Prussian .... 
Roman, ancient 
Roman, modern 
Russian, Verst . 

Saxon 

Scorch 

Bilesian .... 
Spanish, leguas 
Spanish, com . 

Swiss 

Swedish .... 
Turkey .... 
Westphalian . . . 



Yards. 

8,468 
1.613 
2,035 
1,167 
9,905 
1,984 
7,083 
4.630 
7.416 
9.160 

11.704 
1,821 

12,135 



The Longest and Shortest Days at various Capitals. 



NAME OP PLACE. 



Length of uength of 

tne Long- the Short- 

es t D ay. est_Day_ 

" II. M. H. M. 

Stockholm 18 30 5 54 

Copenhagen 17 20 6 54 

St. Petersburgh .... 18 44 5 42 

Berlin 16 38 7 40 

London 16 32 7 44 

Edinburgh 17 32 6 50 

Dublin 16 £6 7 18 

Amsterdam 16 44 7 33 

Vienna 15 58 8 17 

Paris .16 6 8 10 



NAME OP PLACE. 



Length of Length of 
the Long- the Short- 



eat Day. 



H. M. 

Madrid 15 

Cairo 14 

Naples 15 .3 

Constantinople . . • 15 4 

Calcutta 13 26 

Pekin 14 58 

Boston 15 16 

Cape Town 14 22 

Washington I 14 52 

Panama i 12 36 



es t Day. 
H. M. 



10 
9 
9 

10 



14 
10 
14 
12 
42 
16 
58 
48 
22 
34 



HEAT AND COLD, 



Degrees of Heat above zero at which the following substances melt : 



Wrought Iron . . . 3.980 

Cast Iron 3.479 

Platinum 3.080 

Gold 2.590 



Sulphur 226 

Beeswax 151 



Gutta Percha 
Tallow . . . 

Lard 

Pitch . . . . 
Ice 



Brass 1.900 

Silver 1.250 

Antimony 951 

Zinc 740 

Copper 2.548 j Lead 594 

Steel 2.500 i Tin 421 1 

Glass 2.377 I Arsenic 365 ] 

Degrees of Cold above zero at which the following substances freeze : 

Olive Oil .36 I Milk 30 I Wines 

Water 32 | Vinegar 28 I Spirits of Turpentine 

Degrees below zero at which the following freeze : 

Brandy 7 I Mercury 40 I Conl experienced by 

Proof Spirit 7 ! Greatest ArtificT Cold. 220 I Arctic Navigators . 

Degrees of Heat above zero at which the following substances boil: 

Alcohol 173 Petroleum 306 j Blood Heat 98 

Water 212 Linseed Oil 640 Eggs Hatch 104 

Ages which various Animals attain. 



145 
97 
95 
91 
33 



14 



.70 



Years. Years. 

100 Lion 70 Wolf 



Whale, estimated . 

Elephant 400 Porpoise 30 Cat 

Swan 300 Horse 20 Fox 



Years. 

. . 20 

. . 15 

. . 15 

Tortoise 100 Bear 20 Dog 10 

Eagle 100 Cow 20 Sheep 10 

Raven 100 Deer 20 Rabbit 7 

Camel 100 Swine 20 Squirrel 7 

Miles per Hour at which Birds Ply. 

Hawks . 150 [ Sparrows 92 ; Falcon 75 

Carrier Pigeons . . . 150 1 Ducks 90 |c rows 25 



30 



Capacity of the Largest Rooms in the World. 

CHURCHES. ffil'SSS?. I Opera-Houses & Theaters. Iffi^SSS 

St. Peter's, Rome 54.000 1 Imperial, St. Petersburg 2.160 

Cathedral, Milan 87,000 La Scaly, Milan 2,118 

Academy of Paris, Paris 2,01)2 



St. Paul's, Rome 32,000 

St. Paul's, London 25,600 

St. Petronio, Bologna 24,400 

Cathedral, Florence 24.300 



Covent Garden, London 2. (584 

Academy of Music, New York . . 2,526 
Boston Theater, Boston 2,972 



Cathedral. Antwerp 24 000 Music Hall, Boston 2.585 

St. Sophia's Constantinople . . . 23,000 Grand Opera-Hall, New Orleans .2,052 

St. John's, Lateran 22.000 St. Charles Theater, New Orleans . 2,178 

Notre Dame, Paris 21,000 Grand Opera-Honse, New York .1.883 

Cathedral, Pisa 13.000 Booth's Theater, New York . ...1,807 

St. Stephen's, Vienna 12.400 1 Opera-House, Detroit 1,790 

St. Dominic 



Bologna 12,000 

St. Peter's. Bologna 11.400 

Cathedral, Vienna 11.000 

St. Mark's, Venice 7.50U 

Opera-Houses &. Theaters. W2?£2S£. 

Barnum's Hippodrome, New York 8,433 
Stadt Theater. New York .... 3,000 
Academy ot Music, Philadelphia . 2,865 

Carlo Felice, Genoa 2.500 

Academy of Music, Brooklyn . . . 2.500 

Opera-House, Munich 2,307 

Alexander, St. Petersburg .... 2,332 

San Carlos, Naples 2,240 

Adelphi Theater, Chicago .... 2.238 



McVickers Theater, Chicago . . .1.786 
Grand Opera-House, Chicago . . .1,786 
Ford's Opera-House, Baltimore . . 1 ,720 
National Theater, Washington. . . 1.709 
De liar's Opera-House, St. Louis . 1.696 
California Theater, San Francisco ..1.651 
Euclid Av. Opera-House. Cleveland 1.650 

Opera-House, Berlin 1.636 

Leland Opera-House, Albany . . .1.750 
Martin Opera-«House, Albany . . . l.OhO 

Tweddle Hall, Albany 1,450 

Opera-House, Poughkeepsie . . . 1,350 
Hooley's Theater, Chicago .... 1.373 
Coulter Opera-House, Aurora, 111. . 1.004 
Opera-House, Montreal 928 



Weight of a Cubic Foot of various substances. 



METALS. 

Lbs. Oz. Substance. Lbs. 

12 Tin 455 

10 Cast Iron 450 

8 Copper 547 

13 Brass 543 

12 Zinc 4-8 



Substance. 

Platina 1,218 

Pure Gold* 1.203 

Lead 709 

Pure Silverf 625 

Steel 487 

* The value of a ton of pure Gold is 8602,799,21. 

* 81.000.000 gold coin weigh 3,685.8 lbs. avordupois. 
t The value of a ton of Silver is 837.704.84. 

t $1,000,000 silver coin weigh 58.929.9 lbs. avordupois. 

E-AJR/TH, STONE, <ScO- 

Substance. Lbs. Oz. 

Italian Marble 169 4 

Vermont Marble 165 9 

Window glass 165 2 

Common Stone 157 8 

Moist Sand 128 2 

Clay 120 10 



Substance. Lbs. 

Brick 118 

Mortar 109 

Mud 101 

Loose Earth 93 

Lehigh Coal, loose, 56 

Lackawanna, loose, 48 



XjIGfcTTIIDS- 



Substance. Lbs. Oz. 

Honey , 90 10 

Vinegar 67 8 

Blood 65 14 

Beer 64 10 

Milk 64 8 

Cider 63 10 



Substance. 

Tar . . . . 
Rain Water 
Linseed Oil 



Lbs. 

63 

62 

58 



Brandy 57 

lee 57 

Alcohol 49 



WOODS. 



Substance. Lbs. Oz. 

Lignum Vital 83 5 

Ebony 83 5 

Mahogany 66 7 

White Oak 53 12 

Red Hickory 5 2 6 



Substance. Lbs. 

Maple 46 

Shell bark Hickory 43 

Chestnut 38 

Yellow Pine '■ 28 

Spruce . 31 



Oz. 

11 

7 

4 

12 

13 



Oz. 

12 
6 

14 

12 
4 

10 



Oz. 



12 

12 

8 

10 



Oz. 

14 
2 
2 

13 
4 



31 



Height of Principal Monuments and Towers, 

NAMES. PLACES. Feet. 

Pyramid of Cheops Egypt 543- 

Antwerp Cathedral . . • - . Belgium 476 

Strasburg Cathedral France 474 

St. Martin's Church at Landshut Bavaria 45G 

Pyramid of Cephrenes Egypt 456 

St. Peter's Church Rome 448 

St. Paul's Church, London England 404 

Salisbury Cathedral England 400 

Cathedral at Florence . . .Italy 384 

Cathedral at Cremona Lombardy 372 

Church at Fribourg Germany 370 

Cathedral of Seville Spain 360 

Cathedral of Milan Lombardy 355 

Cathedral of Utrecht . . • .Holland 356 

Pyramid of Sakkarah Egypt ' 356 

Cathedral of Xotre Dame. Munich Bavaria 348 

St. Mark's Church . '. Venice 328 

Assinelli Tower, Bologna Italy 314 

Trinity Church New York 283 

Column at Delhi Hindostan 262 

Porcelain Tower, Nankin China 248 

Church of Notre Dame Paris 232 

Bunker Hill Monument Massachusetts ...... 220 

Leaning Tower of Pisa Italy 202 

Washington Monument Baltimore 183 

Monument. Place Vendome Paris 153 

Trajan's Pillar. Home Italy 151 

Obelisk of Luxor, now in Paris 110 



Presidents of the United States, Term of Office, etc. 




insiVu Age 


Age 


NAME. Residence 


Born. into 


at 


Term of Office. 


Died. at 




Office 


Tim<? 




D'th 


George Washington . 


Va . . . 


1732 


17S9 


57 


8 years .... 


Dec. 14. 1799 68 


John Adams 


Mass. . 


1735 


3 797 


62 


4 " .... July 4. 1826 91 


Thomas Jefferson . . 


Va . . . 


1743 


1801 


58 


8 - ; .... 


July 4. 1820 83 


James Madison . . . Va . . . 


1751 


1S09 


58 


8 " .... 


June 23, 1830 85 


James Monroe .... 


Va . . . 


1758 


1817 


58 


8 " .... 


July 4, 1831 72 


John Quincv Adams . 


Mass . . 


1767 


1825 


5S 


4 " .... 


Feb. 23. 1848 80 


Andrew Jackson. . . 


Tenn. . 


1707' 


1829 


62 


8 - .... 


June 8. 1845 78 


Martin Van Buren « . 


X. Y. . 


1782 


1837 


00 


4 " .... 


July 24. 1802 80 


William H. Harrison . 


Ohio . . 


1773 


1841 


68 


1 month .... 


April 4. 1841 08 


John Tvler ..... 


Va . . . 


1790 


1841 


51 


3yrs. 11 mos. . 


Jan. 17. 1802 72 


James K. Polk. . . . 


Tenn . 


1795 


1845 


49 


4 - 


June 15. 1849 54 


Zacharv Tavlor . . . 


La . . . 


1784 


1849 


65 


1 y. 4 m. 5 d. . 


July 9. 1850 00 
Mar. 8. 1874 74 


Millard Fillmore . . . 


N. Y . . 


1800 


1850 


50 


2 y. 7 m. 26 d . 


Franklin Pierce . . . 


X. H . . 


1804 


1853 


49 


4 years .... 


Oct. 8. 1800 05 


James Buchanan. . . 


Penn . 


1791 


1857 


60 


4 " .... 


June 1. 1808 77 


Abraham Lincoln . . 


Ill . . . 


]809 


1861 


52 


4 v. 1 m. 10 d . 


Apr. 14. 1805 50 


Andrew Johnson. . . 


Tenn . 


1808 


1865 


57 


3 v. 10 m. 20 d . 


July 31. 1875 07 


Ulvsses S. Grant. . . 


Ill . . . 


1822 


1809 


47 


8 years .... 




Rutherford B. Hayes. 


Ohio . . 


1822 


1877 






. _ . . . . . . 









Capacity of a Freight Car. 

A load is 20.000 pounds, and the following number can be carried : 

Whiskey 00 barrels.: Lumber 6.000 feet. 

Salt . 70 " Barley 300 bushels 

Lime 70 " j Wheat 340 

Flour . 90 •• | Flax Seed 300 

Eggs 130 to 160 •• Apples 370 

Flour 200 sacks. Corn 400 

Wood cords. Potatoes 430 

Cattle 18 to 20 head. Oats 080 

Hogs 50 to 00 •• Bran 1.000 

Sheep 80 to 100 t; Butter 20.000 pounds 



Si 



The Highest and Greatest Mountains in the World. 

NAMES. COUNTRY. Feet High. Miles. 

Kuncuainyunga (Himalayas) Thibet 28,178 5£ 

Sorata, the highest ia America Bolivia 25.380 5 

Iilimani Bolivia 21,780 4| 

Chimborazo Ecuador 21.444 4} 

Hlndoo-Koo8h Afghanistan .... 20,600 3| 

Cotopaxi, highest volcano in the world. . . .Ecuador 19.408 34 

Antiaana Ecuador 19.150 34 

St. Ellas, highest in North America British Poss 18,000 34 

Popocatepetl, volcano Mexico 17,735 3} 

Mt. Roa, highest in Oceanica Hawaii 16.000 3 

Mt. Brown, highest peak of Rocky Mountains, Brit. America . . . . 15,900 3 

Mont Blanc, highest in Europe, Alps Savoy 15.766 3 

Mt. Rosa, next highest peak of Alps Savoy 15,380 3 

Limit of perpetual snow at the Equator 15,207 2 1 

Pinchinoa Ecuador 15,200 2| 

Mt. Whitney Colifornia 15,000 2 J 

Mt. Fairweather Russian Poss .... 14.796 2$ 

Mt. Shasta California 14.450 2$ 

Pike's Peak • • Colorado 14,320 2| 

Demavend, highest of Elburz Mts., vole. . . Persia 14.000 2| 

Mt. Ophir Sumatra 13.800 2| 

Fremont's Peak, Rocky Mountains Wyoming 13.570 2| 

Long's Peak, Rocky Mountains Colorado 13,400 24 

Mt. Ranier Wash. Territory . . . 13,000 24 

Mt. Ararat Armenia 12,700 2§ 

Peak of Teneriffe Canaries 12.236 24 

Miltsin, highest of Atlas Mountains Morocco 12,000 24 

Mt. Hood Oregon 11,570 24 

Mt. Lebanon Syria 11,000 2J 

Mt. Perdu, highest of Pyrenees France 10,950 2 

Mt. St. Helen's Oregon 10,150 1J 

Mt. ^Etna. volcano Sicily 10,050 lj 

Monte Corno, highest of Appenines Naples 9.523 1| 

Sneehattan. highest Dovrerield Mts Norway 8,115 14 

Mount Sinai Arabia 8,000 14 

Pindus. highest in Greece 7,677 14 

Black Mountain, highest in N. Carolina 6,476 14 

Mt. Washington, highest White Mts N. Hampshire . . . . 6,234 14 

Mt. Marcy, highest in New York 5,467 1 

Mt. Hecla, volcano Iceland 5,000 1 

Ben Nevis, highest in Great Britain Scotland 4,379 | 

Mansfield, highest of Green Mts Vermont . . . . • • 4,280 £ 

Peaks of Otter Virginia 4.260 I 

Mt. Vesuvius Naples 3,932 I 

Round To p, highest of Catskill Mts New York 3,804 | 

Size of Lakes, Seas and Oceans. 

I AI/CO Miles Miles i CCAQ Miles 

LArvLOi Long. Wide OLrtOi Long. 



Superior 380 120 

Michigan 330 60 

Ontario 180 40 

Champlain 123 12 

Erie 270 50 

Huron 250 90 

Cayuga 36 4 

George 36 3 

Baikal 360 35 



Mediterranean 2,000 

Caribbean 1,800 

China 1,700 

Red 1,400 

Japan • 1,000 

Black 932 

Caspian 640 

Baltic 600 

Okhotsk 000 



Great Slave 300 45 White '. 450 

Winnipeg 240 40 Aral 250 

Athabasca 200 20 APTAMO Miles 

Maracaybo 150 60 Ul/LAIMoi square. 

Great Bear 150 40 Pacific 80,000,000 

Ladoga 125 75 Atlantic 40,000.000 

Constance 45 10 Indian 20.000.000 

Geneva 50 10 Southern 10,000,000 

Lake of the Woods 70 25lAretic 5,000.000 



33 



RATES OP POSTAGE IN THE UNITED STATES. 

LETTERS.— Letters to any part of the United States, 3 cts. per h ounce. 

Drop letters — that is, letters mailed in a city, to be delivered elsewhere in the 
same city". 2 cts. per £ ounce. 

Postal cards to any part of the United States. 1 ct. each. 

Registered letters are charged 10 cts. in addition to the proper postage. 

BOOKS. TRANSIENT NEWSPAPERS, MERCHANDISE, Etc.— Books, circu- 
lars and other printed matter (including Transient newspapers), seeds, cuttings, 
bulbs, roots and scions, in packages not exceeding 4 lbs. in weight, for each 
ounce or fraction thereof, 1 ct. per ounce. 

Merchandise or samples, in packages not exceeding 4 lbs. in weight, for each 
ounce or fraction thereof. 1 ct. per ounce. 

Newspapers, circulars and periodicals not exceeding 2 ounces in weight, depos- 
ited for local delivery, 1 ct. each. Exceeding 2 ounces, 2 cts. each. 

All matter not prepaid at letter rates must be so wrapped that it can be exam- 
ined without destroying the wrapper, and must not contain any writing whatever, 
inside or outside, except the address ; but samples may be numbered to corres- 
pond with the numbers in a descriptive letter. Glass, liquids, poisons, explo- 



MONEY ORDERS. — Money orders can now be abtained at almost any post 
office. It is the safest way of sending money. Rate on money orders in the 
U. S: Not exceeding $15, ten cents; over 815 to 830, fifteen cents; over 830 to 
840. twenty cents ; over 840 to 850. twenty-live cents. Money Orders to Great 
Britain and Switzerland : Not exceeding 85, fifteen cents ; over 85 to $10. twenty- 
five cents: over 810 to 820, fifty cents; over 820 to 830, seventy-five cents; over 
830 to 840, one dollar: over 840 to §50, one dollar and twenty-rive cents. Money 
orders to Germany : Not exceeding 810. twenty-rive cents; over 810 to $20, fifty 
cents: over 820 to 830. seventy-five cents; over 830 to 840, eighty cents; over 840 
to 850. one dollar. Money orders to Canada: Not exceeding 810. twenty cents; 
over 810 to 820. forty cents; over 820 to $30, sixty cents; over 830 to $40*, eighty 

No fraction of cents to be introduced. 



RATES OF FOREIGN POSTAGE, 



LETTERS. 



For each For each 
1-2 ouuce.15 Grammes. 



Argentine Confederation 5 cts. 

Aspinwall. direct mail i *5 

Australia, via San Francisco ; *5 

Australia. British mail, via Brindisi i 19 

Austria '> 5 

Belgium 5 

Bermuda, from New York 5 

Bolivia, British mail, via Aspinwall *fl7 

Brazil • ! 5 

Canada : 3 

Cape of Good Hope. British mail ; 15 

Chili. British mail, via Aspinwall 5 

China, via San Francisco 5 

Denmark 5 



Ecuador, via Aspinwall and Panama ! *20 

France 

Germany .... • • 

Great Britain and Ireland 

Holland 

Italy 

Japan, via San Francisco 

Mexico, via New York or New Orleans or Overland . 

Newfoundland 

Norway and Sweden 

Ru-sia 

Switzerland 

Turkey. European and Asiatic 

West Indies (British), via St. Thomas I 13 

West Indies, bv direct steamer *5 



o cts. 

5 

5 
'19 

5 

5 

5 
17 

5 

*3 
15 

5 

5 

5 
20 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 



113 

5 



News- 
papers. 

2 cts. 

2 

2 



2 

9 

2 
4 
2 
2 
4 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
4 
2 



♦Prepayment is compulsory; if matter is not fully prepaid it will not be for- 
warded. In all cases where the * is not used, prepayment of Letters is optional, 
t Additional charge is made on delivery; where t is not used no extra charge 



OF 



raiUmtUt vsmn nnD ™ 



With your Name Printed with appropriate Type. 

Printed in a first class manner, and sent post paid to an}' part of the 
United States or Canada, on receipt of the following prices : 

25 White Bristol Cards 10 cents. 

26 Mixed Bristol Cards -10 " 

7.~> Mixed Cards, all styles named in this list 50 " 

60 Ladies' Favorite Cards, several different designs 30 •• 

25 Extra Fine White Bristol Cards 20 " 

26 While. Rose, Cream, Lavender, etc., Bristol Cards 20 " 

26 Snow Flake Cards, all styles 25 k 

25 Bevel Gold Edge Cards 50 " 

25 Turn-down Corner Gold Bevel Edge Cards 50 '■ 

25 Concave Corner Gold Bevel Edge Cards 50 - k 

25 Oriental Cards 25 " 

25 Elegant Chromo Cards 25 " 

25 Lily of the Valley Cards 25 " 

25 Gold Chromos, new styles 25 ■' 

25 Silver Chromos, new styles 25 " 

25 Flower and Bird Chromo Cards, several different designs 25 " 

25 Transparent Cards 25 •* 

25 Mourning Cards (White Bristol, with Heavy Black Border) ... 50 k * 

25 American and Swiss Plaid Cards * 25 " 

25 Mother Goose Chromo Cards, new designs 25 " 

26 Wedding Bristol Cards 25 " 

25 Japanese Chromo Cards • 26 " 

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25 Parisian Chromo Cards 40 " 

25 Genuine Imported White Bristol Cards 25 •• 

25 Cardinal Red and Navy Blue Damask Cards 30 '• 

50 Beautiful Cards, selected by us for a mixed variety 40 " 

50 Beautiful Chromo Cards, every one of different design 50 •■ 

25 May I C U Home Cards, without name 10 u 

27 Fun and Flirtation Cards, without name 10 l * 

25 New Style Long Narrow Chromo Cards 30 " 

We do not show the various styles of Type used in printing our Cards, but 
our customers will have the benefit of our personal selection of suitable styles, 
which eighteen years experience as a practical printer gives us. 

&3lP* All our Card Stock and Printing will be first class in every respect. 

E^~ Small amounts may be sent in one and three cent Postage Stamps, but 
where practicable send in currency. Sums of $1 and upwards should be sent 
by Money Order or Registered Letter. 

Your Name printed in Gold or Silver for 10 cents extra. Your Post Office 
Address or Street Number, 10 cents extra. 

$gP*Give your Name, Post Office, County and State, and name the amount 
of money you send, AND BE SURE AND WRITE YOUR NAME PLAIN. 
Print your name with a pen, or we we will not be responsible for mistakes. 
LARGE INDUCEMENTS TO AGENTS. 

Book, Card and Job Printing 

OF ALL KINDS, AT SHORT NOTICE, AND LOW PRICES. 

Estimates on any kind of PRINTING promptly furnished free of charge. 

BLANK CARDS AT LOW PRICES. SEND 20c. FOR SAMPLES. 

Address all orders to 

CHARLES E. HOUGHTALING, 
70 Madison Avenue, corner Green St., ALBANY, N. Y. 



^trm 



